Chapter 1 Introduction |
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Chapter 2 Micromachining Methods |
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3 | (52) |
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2.1 Micromachining of Silicon |
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3 | (4) |
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2.1.1 Etching of Si Microchannels |
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3 | (3) |
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2.1.2 Bonding of Si Chips |
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6 | (1) |
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2.2 Micromachining of Glass |
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7 | (11) |
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2.2.1 Etching of Glass Microchannels |
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8 | (6) |
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2.2.2 Drilling of Glass for Access-Hole Formation |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (2) |
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2.3 Micromachining of Fused Quartz (or Fused Silica) |
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18 | (2) |
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2.3.1 Fused Quartz Channel Etching and Hole-Drilling |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Bonding of Fused Quartz Chips |
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18 | (2) |
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2.4 Micromachining of Polymeric Chips |
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20 | (26) |
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20 | (9) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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2.4.5 Compression Molding |
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34 | (3) |
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2.4.6 Photopolymerization |
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37 | (1) |
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2.4.7 Other Plastic Micromachining Processes |
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38 | (2) |
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2.4.8 Problems Encountered in Polymeric Chips |
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40 | (15) |
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2.4.8.1 Optical Properties |
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40 | (2) |
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2.4.8.2 Electrical Properties |
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42 | (1) |
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2.4.8.3 Thermal Properties |
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42 | (1) |
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2.4.8.4 Mechanical Properties |
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42 | (1) |
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2.5.8.5 Surface Properties |
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43 | (2) |
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2.4.8.6 Solvent-Resistant Properties |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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2.6 World-to-Chip Interface |
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49 | (6) |
Chapter 3 Microfluidic Flow |
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55 | (48) |
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3.1 Liquid Pumping Methods |
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55 | (13) |
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3.1.1 Electroosmotic Flow (EOF) |
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55 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Pressure-Driven Flow |
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56 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Centrifugal Pumping |
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57 | (2) |
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3.1.4 Alternative Pumping Principles |
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59 | (8) |
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59 | (1) |
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3.1.4.2 Electrochemical Bubble Generation |
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59 | (4) |
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3.1.4.3 Thermally Induced Pumping |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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3.1.4.5 Pneumatic Control |
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65 | (1) |
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3.1.4.6 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Pumping |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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3.1.4.8 Miscellaneous Pumping Methods |
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66 | (1) |
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3.1.5 Microfluidic Flow Modeling Study |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2 Microfluidic Flow Control |
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68 | (35) |
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3.2.1 Surface Modifications for Flow Control |
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68 | (4) |
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3.2.2 Laminar Flow for Liquid Extraction and Microfabrication |
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72 | (4) |
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3.2.3 Generation of Concentration and Temperature Gradients |
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76 | (3) |
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79 | (11) |
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90 | (9) |
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91 | (1) |
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3.2.5.2 Chaotic Advection |
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91 | (4) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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3.2.5.5 Other Mixing Methods |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (4) |
Chapter 4 Sample Introduction |
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103 | (20) |
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4.1 Electrokinetic Injection |
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103 | (14) |
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107 | (8) |
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115 | (2) |
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4.2 Hydrodynamic Injection |
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117 | (4) |
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4.3 Other Sample Injection Methods |
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121 | (2) |
Chapter 5 Sample Pre-Concentration |
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123 | (18) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (8) |
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5.4 Other Pre-Concentration Methods |
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137 | (4) |
Chapter 6 Separation |
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141 | (46) |
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6.1 Gas Chromatography (GC) |
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141 | (2) |
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6.2 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) 1 |
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143 | (32) |
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6.2.1 Free-Solution Capillary Electrophoresis (FSCE) |
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143 | (8) |
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6.2.2 Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (CGE) |
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151 | (4) |
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6.2.3 Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography (MEKC) |
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155 | (3) |
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6.2.4 Isotachophoresis (ITP) |
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158 | (2) |
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6.2.5 Capillary Electrochromatography (CEC) |
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160 | (6) |
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6.2.6 Synchronized Cyclic Capillary Electrophoresis (SCCE) |
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166 | (4) |
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6.2.7 Free-Flow Electrophoresis (FFE) |
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170 | (1) |
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6.2.8 Derivatizations for CE for Separations |
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171 | (5) |
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6.2.8.1 Pre-Column Derivatization |
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171 | (3) |
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6.2.8.2 Post-Column Derivatization |
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174 | (1) |
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6.3 Chromatographic Separations |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (11) |
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6.4.1 Fraction Collection |
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176 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Two-Dimensional Separations |
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179 | (8) |
Chapter 7 Detection Methods |
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187 | (64) |
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7.1 Optical Detection Methods |
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187 | (24) |
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7.1.1 Fluorescence Detection |
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187 | (8) |
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7.1.1.1 Single-Channel Fluorescence Detection |
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187 | (3) |
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7.1.1.2 Scanning Detector |
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190 | (1) |
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7.1.1.3 Background Reduction |
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191 | (1) |
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7.1.1.4 Photobleaching Effect |
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192 | (1) |
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7.1.1.5 Integrated Fluorescent Detector |
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193 | (2) |
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7.1.2 Indirect Fluorescent Detection |
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195 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Multiple-Point Fluorescent Detection |
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196 | (4) |
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7.1.4 Absorbance Detection |
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200 | (2) |
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7.1.5 Plasma Emission Detection |
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202 | (3) |
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7.1.6 Chemiluminescence (CL) Detector |
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205 | (3) |
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7.1.7 Refractive Index (RI) |
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208 | (1) |
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7.1.8 Thermal Lens Microscope (TLM) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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7.1.10 Surface-Plasmon Resonance |
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211 | (1) |
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7.1.11 Infrared Detection |
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211 | (1) |
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7.2 Electrochemical (EC) Detection |
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211 | (13) |
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7.2.1 Amperometric Detection |
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212 | (6) |
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7.2.2 Voltammetric Detection |
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218 | (2) |
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7.2.3 Potentiometric Detection |
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220 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Conductivity Detection |
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220 | (4) |
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7.3 Mass Spectrometry (MS) |
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224 | (14) |
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7.3.1 Electrospray Ionization (ESI) |
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224 | (11) |
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7.3.2 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) |
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235 | (3) |
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7.4 Other Detection Methods |
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238 | (13) |
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238 | (8) |
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7.4.2 Acoustic Wave Detection |
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246 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) |
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247 | (4) |
Chapter 8 Applications to Cellular/Particle Analysis |
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251 | (42) |
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8.1 Retention of Cells and Particles |
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251 | (29) |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (8) |
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263 | (4) |
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267 | (2) |
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8.1.5 Three-Dimensional Flow Control |
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269 | (4) |
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8.1.6 Optical Trapping of Cells |
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273 | (4) |
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8.1.7 Dielectrophoresis (DEP) |
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277 | (3) |
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8.2 Studies of Cells in a Flow |
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280 | (8) |
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8.3 Other Cell Operations |
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288 | (5) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (2) |
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8.3.3 Chip Cleaning and Sterilization |
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292 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Prevention of Cell Adhesion |
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292 | (1) |
Chapter 9 Applications to Nucleic Acids Analysis |
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293 | (44) |
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9.1 Nucleic Acids Extraction and Purification |
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293 | (1) |
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9.2 Nucleic Acids Amplification |
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294 | (19) |
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294 | (17) |
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9.2.1.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) |
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294 | (7) |
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9.2.1.2 Surface Passivation of PCR Chambers |
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301 | (1) |
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9.2.1.3 Integrated DNA Analysis Microsystems |
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301 | (5) |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (1) |
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9.2.1.6 Other DNA Amplification Techniques |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (4) |
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9.3.1 Microchannel DNA Hybridization |
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313 | (4) |
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9.3.2 Microarray DNA Hybridization |
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317 | (1) |
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9.4 Other Nucleic Acid Applications |
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317 | (20) |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (5) |
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9.4.3 Separation of Large DNA Molecules |
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325 | (12) |
Chapter 10 Applications to Protein Analysis |
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337 | (28) |
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337 | (12) |
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10.1.1 Homogeneous Immunoassay |
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337 | (6) |
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10.1.2 Heterogeneous Immunoassay |
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343 | (6) |
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349 | (4) |
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353 | (40) |
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10.3.1 Assay of the Enzymes |
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353 | (5) |
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10.3.2 Assay of Analytes after Enzymatic Reactions |
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358 | (7) |
Appendix |
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365 | (28) |
Problem Sets |
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393 | (10) |
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393 | (1) |
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393 | (2) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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5 Sample Pre-concentration |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (1) |
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397 | (3) |
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400 | (1) |
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400 | (1) |
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401 | (2) |
References |
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403 | (74) |
Glossary |
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477 | (10) |
Index |
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487 | |