| Preface |
|
v | |
| Acknowledgement |
|
vii | |
| 1. Catfishes: Introduction |
|
1 | (32) |
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1.1 Phylogenetic Position within Teleostei |
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|
1 | (4) |
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|
5 | (11) |
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1.3 Historical Overview of Higher Level Phylogeny of Catfishes |
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|
16 | (14) |
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1.4 Catfish, an Exceptional Biological Group |
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|
30 | (3) |
| 2. Methodology and Material |
|
33 | (14) |
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2.1 Phylogenetic Methodology |
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|
33 | (4) |
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2.2 Delimitation of Terminal Taxa |
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|
37 | (6) |
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2.3 Material, Techniques and Nomenclature |
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|
43 | (4) |
| 3. Phylogenetic Analysis |
|
47 | (254) |
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3.1 Character Description and Comparison |
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|
47 | (182) |
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3.2 Cladistic Analysis, Diagnosis for Clades, and Comparison with Previous Hypotheses |
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|
229 | (64) |
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3.3 Character State Changes for Individual Genera |
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|
293 | (2) |
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3.4 Results of Phylogenetic Analysis: Major Outlines |
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|
295 | (6) |
| 4. Higher-level Phylogeny and Macroevolution of Catfishes: A Discussion |
|
301 | (88) |
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4.1 Structures Associated with Movements of the Mandibular Barbels |
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|
303 | (8) |
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4.2 Pectoral Girdle Complex |
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|
311 | (13) |
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4.3 Adductor Mandibulae Complex |
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|
324 | (13) |
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4.4 Palatine-maxillary System |
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|
337 | (10) |
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4.5 Suspensorium and Associated Structures |
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|
347 | (19) |
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4.6 Elastic Spring Apparatus |
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366 | (6) |
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4.7 A Discussion on the Origin and Biogeographic Distribution of Catfishes |
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|
372 | (17) |
| 5. Catfishes, Case Study for General Discussions of Phylogenetic and Macroevolutionary Topics |
|
389 | (72) |
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5.1 Primary Homologies, Secondary Homologies, and a Priori Versus a Posteriori Explanations in Evolutionary Biology |
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|
389 | (7) |
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5.2 Homoplasies, Consistency Index, and Complexity of Macroevolution |
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|
396 | (4) |
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5.3 Functional Uncouplings and Morphological Macroevolution |
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|
400 | (3) |
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5.4 Myological Versus Osteological Characters in Phylogenetic Reconstructions |
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403 | (14) |
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5.5 Analysis of Distinct Anatomical Regions in Phylogenetic Reconstructions and the Coding of Multistate Characters |
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417 | (12) |
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5.6 Aptations, Exaptations and Adaptations in Macroevolutionary Studies |
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429 | (5) |
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5.7 Parallelisms, Convergences and Constraints in Macroevolution |
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434 | (8) |
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5.8 Cordelia's Dilemma, Historical Bias, and General Evolutionary Trends |
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442 | (9) |
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5.9 Punctuated Equilibrium, Speciation, Living Fossils and Macroevolution |
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|
451 | (10) |
| References |
|
461 | (20) |
| List of Abbreviations |
|
481 | (8) |
| Index |
|
489 | |
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