Preface |
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v | |
Acknowledgement |
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vii | |
1. Catfishes: Introduction |
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1 | (32) |
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1.1 Phylogenetic Position within Teleostei |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (11) |
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1.3 Historical Overview of Higher Level Phylogeny of Catfishes |
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16 | (14) |
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1.4 Catfish, an Exceptional Biological Group |
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30 | (3) |
2. Methodology and Material |
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33 | (14) |
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2.1 Phylogenetic Methodology |
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33 | (4) |
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2.2 Delimitation of Terminal Taxa |
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37 | (6) |
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2.3 Material, Techniques and Nomenclature |
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43 | (4) |
3. Phylogenetic Analysis |
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47 | (254) |
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3.1 Character Description and Comparison |
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47 | (182) |
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3.2 Cladistic Analysis, Diagnosis for Clades, and Comparison with Previous Hypotheses |
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229 | (64) |
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3.3 Character State Changes for Individual Genera |
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293 | (2) |
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3.4 Results of Phylogenetic Analysis: Major Outlines |
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295 | (6) |
4. Higher-level Phylogeny and Macroevolution of Catfishes: A Discussion |
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301 | (88) |
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4.1 Structures Associated with Movements of the Mandibular Barbels |
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303 | (8) |
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4.2 Pectoral Girdle Complex |
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311 | (13) |
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4.3 Adductor Mandibulae Complex |
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324 | (13) |
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4.4 Palatine-maxillary System |
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337 | (10) |
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4.5 Suspensorium and Associated Structures |
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347 | (19) |
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4.6 Elastic Spring Apparatus |
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366 | (6) |
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4.7 A Discussion on the Origin and Biogeographic Distribution of Catfishes |
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372 | (17) |
5. Catfishes, Case Study for General Discussions of Phylogenetic and Macroevolutionary Topics |
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389 | (72) |
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5.1 Primary Homologies, Secondary Homologies, and a Priori Versus a Posteriori Explanations in Evolutionary Biology |
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389 | (7) |
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5.2 Homoplasies, Consistency Index, and Complexity of Macroevolution |
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396 | (4) |
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5.3 Functional Uncouplings and Morphological Macroevolution |
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400 | (3) |
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5.4 Myological Versus Osteological Characters in Phylogenetic Reconstructions |
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403 | (14) |
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5.5 Analysis of Distinct Anatomical Regions in Phylogenetic Reconstructions and the Coding of Multistate Characters |
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417 | (12) |
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5.6 Aptations, Exaptations and Adaptations in Macroevolutionary Studies |
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429 | (5) |
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5.7 Parallelisms, Convergences and Constraints in Macroevolution |
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434 | (8) |
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5.8 Cordelia's Dilemma, Historical Bias, and General Evolutionary Trends |
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442 | (9) |
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5.9 Punctuated Equilibrium, Speciation, Living Fossils and Macroevolution |
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451 | (10) |
References |
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461 | (20) |
List of Abbreviations |
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481 | (8) |
Index |
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489 | |