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El. knyga: Principles of Evolutionary Medicine

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(Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand), , (Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, New Zealand), , (Centre)
  • Formatas: 400 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Mar-2016
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191083396
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Principles of Evolutionary MedicineDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 400 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 17-Mar-2016
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191083396
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A new updated edition of the first integrated and comprehensive textbook to explain the principles of evolutionary biology from a medical perspective and to focus on how medicine and public health might utilise evolutionary biology.

Evolutionary science is critical to an understanding of integrated human biology and is increasingly recognised as a core discipline by medical and public health professionals. Advances in the field of genomics, epigenetics, developmental biology, and epidemiology have led to the growing realisation that incorporating evolutionary thinking is essential for medicine to achieve its full potential. This revised and updated second edition of the first comprehensive textbook of evolutionary medicine explains the principles of evolutionary biology from a medical perspective and focuses on how medicine and public health might utilise evolutionary thinking. It is written to be accessible to a broad range of readers, whether or not they have had formal exposure to evolutionary science.

The general structure of the second edition remains unchanged, with the initial six chapters providing a summary of the evolutionary theory relevant to understanding human health and disease, using examples specifically relevant to medicine. The second part of the book describes the application of evolutionary principles to understanding particular aspects of human medicine: in addition to updated chapters on reproduction, metabolism, and behaviour, there is an expanded chapter on our coexistence with micro-organisms and an entirely new chapter on cancer. The two parts are bridged by a chapter that details pathways by which evolutionary processes affect disease risk and symptoms, and how hypotheses in evolutionary medicine can be tested. The final two chapters of the volume are considerably expanded; they illustrate the application of evolutionary biology to medicine and public health, and consider the ethical and societal issues of an evolutionary perspective. A number of new clinical examples and historical illustrations are included.

This second edition of a novel and popular textbook provides an updated resource for doctors and other health professionals, medical students and biomedical scientists, as well as anthropologists interested in human health, to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary processes underlying human health and disease.

Recenzijos

This volume will appeal to a broad readership of students and faculty in a variety of disciplines ... I recommend this book highly as a clear and accessible introduction to the growing field of evolution, medicine, and public health. * Robert Perlman, The Quarterly Review of Biology *

PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
1 Introduction
3(16)
1.1 What is disease?
5(3)
1.2 What evolution is: fundamental principles
8(5)
1.3 Time
13(2)
1.4 Constraints
15(1)
1.5 We are not alone
15(1)
1.6 Culture and gene--culture coevolution
16(1)
1.7 How evolutionary arguments fit alongside other biological perspectives
16(1)
1.8 Evolution and medicine
17(2)
Key points
18(1)
2 Evolutionary theory
19(30)
2.1 Introduction
19(2)
2.2 What does evolutionary theory explain?
21(3)
2.3 How does evolution work?
24(15)
2.4 Areas of debate and the limitations of the adaptationist argument
39(7)
2.5 Conclusion
46(3)
Key points
48(1)
3 The molecular basis of variation and inheritance
49(30)
3.1 Introduction
49(1)
3.2 Genes and disease
49(1)
3.3 The molecular basis of human genetic variation
50(9)
3.4 Factors affecting genetic variation
59(6)
3.5 Single-gene or Mendelian disorders
65(3)
3.6 No single genes for common diseases
68(3)
3.7 Epigenetic mechanisms as a cause of variation
71(2)
3.8 Non-genetic inheritance
73(4)
3.9 Conclusion
77(2)
Key points
77(2)
4 Evolution and development
79(18)
4.1 Introduction
79(2)
4.2 Development: pre-ordained or plastic?
81(1)
4.3 Is development important to evolution?
82(2)
4.4 Developmental plasticity
84(2)
4.5 Responses to environmental cues during development
86(4)
4.6 Epigenetic processes and development
90(1)
4.7 Learning and instinct
91(2)
4.8 The evolution of novelty
93(1)
4.9 Conclusion
94(3)
Key points
96(1)
5 The human life history
97(34)
5.1 Introduction
97(1)
5.2 General overview of life-history theory
98(9)
5.3 Body size and shape
107(6)
5.4 Growth in humans
113(11)
5.5 Evolutionary analysis of the distinct features of human growth
124(3)
5.6 Conclusion
127(4)
Key points
129(2)
6 Human evolution and the origins of human diversity
131(30)
6.1 Introduction
131(1)
6.2 The hominoid clade
131(1)
6.3 Hominin evolution
132(15)
6.4 Genomic changes that make us human
147(1)
6.5 Human adaptation to local selection pressures
148(5)
6.6 Are humans still evolving?
153(2)
6.7 Social and medical implications of human diversity
155(2)
6.8 Conclusion
157(4)
Key points
158(3)
PART 2 EVOLUTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
7 An evolutionary framework for understanding human health and disease
161(16)
7.1 Introduction
161(1)
7.2 Fundamental principles of evolutionary medicine
162(3)
7.3 Why has evolution left our bodies vulnerable to disease?
165(2)
7.4 An evolutionary classification of ultimate mechanisms affecting disease risk
167(8)
7.5 Testing hypotheses in evolutionary medicine
175(2)
Key points
175(2)
8 Reproduction
177(28)
8.1 Introduction
177(1)
8.2 Sexual reproduction
178(1)
8.3 Why did sex evolve?
178(3)
8.4 Sex determination
181(1)
8.5 Reproductive strategies
182(1)
8.6 Mate choice
183(3)
8.7 Sexual differences in the human
186(2)
8.8 Sex differences in morbidity and mortality
188(2)
8.9 Human reproductive life cycle
190(13)
8.10 Conclusion
203(2)
Key points
204(1)
9 Nutritional and metabolic adaptation
205(32)
9.1 Introduction
205(1)
9.2 Strategies for energy storage
206(4)
9.3 Human diet: an evolutionary history
210(8)
9.4 How can change in the environment increase disease risk?
218(17)
9.5 Conclusion
235(2)
Key points
236(1)
10 Coevolution, infection, and immunity
237(24)
10.1 Introduction
237(1)
10.2 Coevolution
237(1)
10.3 Humans and their associated species
238(2)
10.4 The challenge of infectious disease
240(1)
10.5 Pathogen emergence
241(1)
10.6 Pathogen virulence and transmission
242(2)
10.7 Host defenses
244(8)
10.8 Public health measures
252(1)
10.9 Vaccination
253(2)
10.10 Antibiotics
255(3)
10.11 Conclusion
258(3)
Key points
258(3)
11 Psychology and behavior
261(26)
11.1 Introduction
261(1)
11.2 Biological determinants of culture and behavior
261(2)
11.3 Evolution of the human brain and behavior
263(1)
11.4 Evolution of social behavior
264(14)
11.5 Evolutionary perspectives on psychology
278(1)
11.6 Evolutionary psychiatry
279(5)
11.7 Conclusion
284(3)
Key points
286(1)
12 Cancer
287(16)
12.1 Introduction
287(1)
12.2 Epidemiology of cancer
288(1)
12.3 Ecology of cancer
289(1)
12.4 The biology of cancer
290(3)
12.5 Cancer in the light of evolutionary mechanisms
293(6)
12.6 Implications of an evolutionary approach for the prevention and treatment of cancer
299(3)
12.7 Conclusion
302(1)
Key points
302(1)
13 Evolutionary principles applied to medical practice and public health
303(24)
13.1 Introduction: Understanding health and disease from an evolutionary perspective
303(2)
13.2 Testing evolutionary hypotheses in medicine
305(1)
13.3 Clinical examples
305(1)
13.4 An evolutionarily mismatched or novel environment
305(6)
13.5 Life-history-associated factors
311(2)
13.6 Excessive and uncontrolled defense mechanisms
313(2)
13.7 Consequences of coevolution with microbes
315(2)
13.8 Results of evolutionary constraints
317(2)
13.9 An apparently harmful allele is maintained by balancing selection
319(2)
13.10 The consequences of sexual selection
321(1)
13.11 The outcomes of cladal and demographic history
322(2)
13.12 Value and limits of an evolutionary medicine perspective
324(3)
Key points
326(1)
14 Evolution, medicine, and society
327(14)
14.1 Introduction
327(1)
14.2 Origins of Darwin's theory
327(4)
14.3 From Darwin to "Social Darwinism"
331(1)
14.4 Eugenics
332(3)
14.5 The "Modern Synthesis," human evolution, and medicine
335(2)
14.6 Evolution, society, and religion
337(2)
14.7 Evolutionary thought and the human condition
339(2)
Key points
339(2)
References 341(24)
Index 365
Professor Sir Peter Gluckman is a well-known biomedical scientist. Author of over 650 scientific papers and reviews, and of technical and popular science books, his contributions to developmental, endocrine and evolutionary sciences have won him numerous awards and recognition - including Fellowship of the Royal Society (London) and the Order of New Zealand, the country's highest civic honour. He is the only New Zealander elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies of Science (USA) and the Academy of Medical Sciences of Great Britain. Since 2009 Sir Peter has also held the position of Chief Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of New Zealand.

Dr Alan Beedle BSc, PhD, is a biochemist who became a professional science editor and writer. He has held senior positions in scientific and medical publishing in the UK, Europe and New Zealand, and has been editor of several high-impact journals in the biomedical sciences. Alan has research interests in the application of evolutionary and developmental biology to human health and disease.

Dr Buklijas was trained as a physician in her hometown of Zagreb, Croatia, but then changed career to first study (M.Phil. and PhD) and then work, as a Wellcome Research Fellow, in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge. In 2008 she took up a research fellowship at the Liggins Institute where she works on projects related to evolutionary medicine and developmental origins of health and disease, especially from the perspective of the history and philosophy of evolution and development.

Dr Felicia Low obtained her PhD in Pathology from the University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. Since taking up a research fellowship with the Office of the Prime Minister's Science Advisory Committee, based at the Liggins Institute, in 2009, her research has focused on the molecular aspects of evolutionary developmental biology. Her other research interests include the effects of early-life factors on later-life risk of non-communicable disease; the utility of developmental epigenetics as a prognostic marker of disease risk, and in informing maternal/early postnatal nutritional advice; and the dissemination and translation of scientific research.

Professor Mark Hanson is one of the UK's leading researchers on developmental pathways to disease. He is current President of the International Society for the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease and was a founder member of the Society. He has served on a range of committees in government, charitable and NGOs focusing on the importance of adopting a life course perspective to new ways of reducing the burden of obesity and non-communicable disease globally. He directs the University of Southampton Institute of Developmental Sciences and is British Heart Foundation Professor of Cardiovascular Science there. He holds visiting appointments in several universities overseas. His research concerns several aspects of development and health, ranging from how the environment before and after birth affects the risk of chronic disease to population studies aimed at the early identification of risk, so that timely preventative interventions can be made.
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