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Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives 7th ed. [Minkštas viršelis]

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(University of Wisconsin Green Bay USA), (State University of New York at Oswego)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 544 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 231x191x20 mm, weight: 930 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Jan-2020
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1544374615
  • ISBN-13: 9781544374611
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 544 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 231x191x20 mm, weight: 930 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 28-Jan-2020
  • Leidėjas: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1544374615
  • ISBN-13: 9781544374611
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

With the right information, we can develop public policies that work better.
 

All too often, public policy textbooks offer a basic grounding in the policy process without the benefit of integrating the use of policy analysis. Michael E. Kraft and Scott R. Furlong take a different tack. 

Public Policy: Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives, Seventh Edition helps students understand how and why policy analysis is used to assess policy alternatives. The text encourages them to not only question the assumptions of policy analyst, but also recognize how these strategies are used in the support of political arguments. The authors introduce and fully integrate an evaluative approach to policy to encourage critical and creative thinking on issues ranging from health care to climate change. From a concise review of institutions, policy actors, and major theoretical models to a discussion of the nature of policy analysis and its practice, Kraft and Furlong show students how to employ evaluative criteria in six substantive policy areas. Students come away with the analytic tools they need to understand that the motivations of policy actors—both within and outside of government—influence a complex yet comprehensible policy agenda.


Boxes, Figures, and Tables xiv
Preface xvii
About the Authors xxiv
PART I THE STUDY OF PUBLIC POLICY
1 Public Policy and Politics
2(32)
What Is Public Policy?
5(2)
Defining Basic Concepts
7(3)
Government
7(1)
Politics
8(1)
Policy Analysis
9(1)
Why Study Public Policy?
10(4)
Citizens' Ability to Participate and Make Choices
10(4)
Citizens' Ability to Influence Policy Decisions
14(1)
The Contexts of Public Policy
14(6)
Social Context
15(1)
Economic Context
15(2)
Political Context
17(1)
Governing Context
18(2)
Cultural Context
20(1)
The Reasons for Government Involvement
20(5)
Political Reasons
21(1)
Moral or Ethical Reasons
21(1)
Economics and Market Failures
22(3)
The Practice of Policy Analysis
25(4)
The Many Uses of Policy Analysis
25(1)
Citizens' Use of Policy Analysis
26(2)
How to Decide Which Policy Is Best: Using Multiple Criteria
28(1)
Conclusions
29(2)
Discussion Questions
31(1)
Keywords
31(1)
Suggested Readings
31(1)
Suggested Websites
32(1)
Notes
32(2)
2 Government Institutions and Policy Actors
34(40)
Growth of Government
37(2)
Government Institutions and Policy Capacity
39(3)
Federalism
42(6)
The Evolution of Federal-State Relations
44(1)
State Variation in Policy Capacity
45(3)
Separation of Powers
48(10)
Legislative Branch
49(3)
Executive Branch
52(3)
Judicial Branch
55(3)
Informal Policy Actors and Policy Capacity
58(10)
Public Opinion and Policymaking
59(3)
Interest Groups, Nonprofits, and Public Policy
62(3)
Media
65(1)
Policy Subgovernments and Issue Networks
66(2)
Improving Policy Capacity
68(1)
Conclusions
69(1)
Discussion Questions
70(1)
Keywords
71(1)
Suggested Readings
71(1)
Suggested Websites
72(1)
Notes
72(2)
3 Understanding Public Policymaking
74(38)
Theories of Politics and Public Policy
77(6)
Elite Theory
77(2)
Group Theory
79(1)
Institutional Theory
79(1)
Rational Choice Theory
80(1)
Political Systems Theory
81(2)
The Policy Process Model
83(17)
Problem Definition and Agenda Setting
85(6)
Policy Formulation
91(2)
Policy Legitimation
93(3)
Policy Implementation
96(2)
Policy Evaluation
98(1)
Policy Change
98(2)
Instruments of Public Policy
100(4)
Regulation
102(1)
Government Management
102(1)
Taxing and Spending
103(1)
Market Mechanisms
103(1)
Education, Information, and Persuasion
104(1)
Policy Typologies
104(2)
Conclusions
106(1)
Discussion Questions
107(1)
Keywords
107(1)
Suggested Readings
108(1)
Suggested Websites
108(1)
Notes
109(3)
PART II ANALYZING PUBLIC POLICY
4 Policy Analysis: An Introduction
112(26)
The Nature of Policy Analysis
114(2)
Steps in the Policy Analysis Process
116(7)
Define and Analyze the Problem
118(1)
Construct Policy Alternatives
119(1)
Choose Evaluative Criteria
120(1)
Assess the Alternatives
121(1)
Draw Conclusions
122(1)
Types of Policy Analysis
123(6)
Scientific Approaches
126(1)
Professional Approaches
126(2)
Political Approaches
128(1)
What Kind of Analysis Is Needed?
129(5)
Deal with Root Causes or Make Pragmatic Adjustments?
129(2)
Comprehensive Analysis or Short-Term Policy Relevance?
131(1)
Consensual or Contentious Analysis?
131(1)
Reliance on Rational Analysis or Democratic Politics?
132(1)
Other Aspects of Policy Analysis
133(1)
Conclusions
134(1)
Discussion Questions
134(1)
Keywords
135(1)
Suggested Readings
135(1)
Suggested Websites
135(1)
Leading General Journals of Public Policy
136(1)
Major Professional Newsweeklies with Policy Coverage
136(1)
Notes
136(2)
5 Public Problems and Policy Alternatives
138(28)
Problem Analysis
141(10)
The Nature of the Problem
141(7)
Thinking about Causes and Solutions
148(3)
How to Find Information
151(2)
Constructing Alternatives
153(6)
What Governments Can Do
154(2)
Policy Typologies as Analytic Tools
156(3)
Thinking Creatively about Policy Action
159(3)
Conclusions
162(1)
Discussion Questions
163(1)
Keywords
163(1)
Suggested Readings
163(1)
Suggested Websites
164(1)
Notes
164(2)
6 Assessing Policy Alternatives
166(38)
Evaluative Criteria for Judging Policy Proposals
168(9)
Effectiveness
169(3)
Efficiency
172(2)
Equity
174(1)
Ethics and Political Values
175(2)
Using the Methods of Policy Analysis
177(1)
Economic Approaches
178(9)
Cost-Benefit Analysis
178(5)
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
183(1)
Risk Assessment
184(3)
Decision Making and Impacts
187(3)
Forecasting
188(1)
Impact Assessment
189(1)
Political and Institutional Approaches
190(4)
Political Feasibility Analysis
191(1)
Implementation Analysis and Program Evaluation
192(2)
Ethical Analysis
194(3)
Conclusions
197(1)
Discussion Questions
198(1)
Keywords
198(1)
Suggested Readings
198(1)
Suggested Websites
199(1)
Notes
199(5)
PART III ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES IN PUBLIC POLICY
7 Economic and Budgetary Policy
204(46)
Background
207(2)
Goals of Economic Policy
209(8)
Economic Growth
209(1)
Low Levels of Unemployment
210(3)
Low Levels of Inflation
213(2)
Positive Balance of Trade
215(1)
Managing Deficits and Debt
216(1)
Interrelationships of Economic Goals
217(1)
Tools of Economic Policy
217(7)
Fiscal Policy
218(1)
Monetary Policy
218(2)
Regulation
220(1)
Incentives, Subsidies, and Support
221(1)
Tax Policy
222(2)
The Budget Process and Its Effect on Economic Policy
224(4)
Assumptions and Planning
225(1)
Agency Budget Development
225(1)
OMB Budget Review
226(1)
Congressional Review
226(2)
Budget Execution and Control
228(1)
Economic Policy: Successes and Failures
228(5)
Significant Income Tax Cuts
228(2)
Responses to the Deficit
230(2)
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
232(1)
Economic Issues and Challenges
233(3)
Maintaining Economic Growth
233(2)
Growth of Entitlements
235(1)
Income Inequality
235(1)
Focused Discussion: Deficits and Debt
236(8)
Economic Issues
238(2)
Political Issues
240(2)
Equity and Other Ethical Issues
242(2)
Conclusions
244(1)
Discussion Questions
245(1)
Keywords
246(1)
Major Legislation
246(1)
Suggested Readings
246(1)
Suggested Websites
247(1)
Notes
247(3)
8 Health Care Policy
250(42)
Background
252(11)
Evolution of Health Care Policy
254(4)
A Hybrid System of Public and Private Health Care
258(1)
The Perils of Being Uninsured
259(2)
Strengths and Weaknesses of the U.S. Health Care System
261(1)
A Pluralistic Health Care System
261(2)
Major Government Health Care Programs
263(6)
Medicare
263(3)
Medicaid
266(1)
Veterans' Health Care
267(2)
Other Health Care Policy Issues
269(1)
Portability
269(1)
Patients' Rights
270(1)
Rising Health Care Costs
270(3)
State Policy Innovations
272(1)
Regulation of Prescription Drugs
272(1)
Managed Care Organizations
273(3)
Reducing Health Care Costs
276(1)
Quality of Care
277(1)
Medical Errors
277(1)
Focused Discussion: Should There Be Greater Emphasis on Preventive Health Care?
278(6)
Effectiveness
279(2)
Economic Efficiency Issues
281(1)
Equity and Other Ethical Issues
282(2)
Conclusions
284(1)
Discussion Questions
285(1)
Keywords
285(1)
Major Legislation
286(1)
Suggested Readings
286(1)
Suggested Websites
287(1)
Notes
287(5)
9 Welfare and Social Security Policy
292(36)
Background
294(5)
Poverty
294(5)
Social Security
299(8)
Social Security's Changing Demographics
303(1)
Problems with Social Security
304(1)
Financing Social Security
305(2)
Welfare
307(9)
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
308(1)
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
309(1)
The Earned Income Tax Credit
309(1)
Welfare Reform Options
310(1)
Welfare Reform Law
311(1)
Analysis of the Welfare Reform Law
312(4)
Focused Discussion: Can We Do Better? Addressing Poverty
316(5)
Economic and Effectiveness Issues
317(2)
Political Issues
319(1)
Ethics and Equity Issues
320(1)
Conclusions
321(1)
Discussion Questions
322(1)
Keywords
323(1)
Major Legislation
323(1)
Suggested Readings
323(1)
Suggested Websites
324(1)
Notes
324(4)
10 Education Policy
328(39)
Background
330(4)
Problems Facing Education
334(6)
Funding
334(1)
Quality
335(5)
Education Policy Reforms
340(6)
Merit Pay
340(1)
Teacher Standards, Certification, and Salaries
341(1)
School Vouchers, School Choice, and Charter Schools
342(3)
School Testing
345(1)
Higher Education Issues
346(5)
Affirmative Action
346(2)
Costs of Higher Education
348(3)
Focused Discussion: Higher Education Affordability, Cost, and Value
351(8)
Economic Issues
352(3)
Political Issues
355(2)
Equity and Ethical Issues
357(2)
Conclusions
359(1)
Discussion Questions
360(1)
Keywords
360(1)
Major Legislation
360(1)
Suggested Readings
360(1)
Suggested Websites
361(1)
Notes
362(5)
11 Environmental and Energy Policy
367(45)
Background
370(4)
The Evolution of Environmental and Energy Policy
374(5)
Early Environmental and Energy Policies
374(1)
The Modern Environmental Movement and Policy Developments
375(4)
From Consensus to Conflict in Environmental Policy
379(1)
Major Federal Environmental Policies
380(17)
The National Environmental Policy Act
383(1)
Environmental Protection Statutes and the EPA
383(10)
Natural Resource Policies
393(4)
Energy Policy
397(2)
Focused Discussion: Climate Change and Energy Policy Alternatives
399(6)
Effectiveness
399(2)
Economic Issues
401(2)
Political Feasibility
403(1)
Ethical Issues
404(1)
Conclusions
405(7)
Discussion Questions
406(1)
Keywords
407(1)
Major Legislation
407(1)
Suggested Readings
407(1)
Suggested Websites
408(1)
Notes
409(3)
12 Foreign Policy and Homeland Security
412(38)
Background and Policy Evolution
416(15)
The Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Cold War
417(1)
The United Nations and Globalization
418(1)
Military Buildup and Nuclear Weapons
419(4)
The Intelligence Agencies and the War in Iraq
423(4)
Economic and Military Assistance: Foreign Aid
427(4)
Selected Issues in Homeland Security
431(6)
Comparing Homeland Security Threats: How Vulnerable Are We?
432(2)
The Case of Transportation Security
434(3)
Focused Discussion: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism
437(4)
Effectiveness and Efficiency
437(2)
Legal and Ethical Concerns
439(2)
Conclusions
441(1)
Discussion Questions
442(1)
Keywords
443(1)
Major Legislation
443(1)
Suggested Readings
443(1)
Suggested Websites
444(1)
Notes
445(5)
13 Politics, Analysis, and Policy Choice
450(29)
Policy Analysis, Citizen Participation, and Policy Change
453(4)
Public Policies and Their Impacts
457(5)
Policy Conflicts and Incremental Decision Making
458(1)
Policy Strategies with No Crystal Ball
459(3)
Policy Analysis and Policy Choices
462(7)
Evaluating Public Policy
462(2)
Improving Policy Capacity
464(5)
Citizen Participation in Decision Making
469(4)
Citizen Capacity and Policy Engagement
469(3)
New Forms of Citizen Participation
472(1)
Conclusions
473(1)
Discussion Questions
474(1)
Keywords
475(1)
Major Legislation
475(1)
Suggested Readings
475(1)
Suggested Websites
475(1)
Notes
476(3)
Glossary 479(10)
References 489(12)
Index 501