Boxes, Figures, and Tables |
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xiv | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
About the Authors |
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xxiv | |
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PART I THE STUDY OF PUBLIC POLICY |
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1 Public Policy and Politics |
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2 | (32) |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (3) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (4) |
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Citizens' Ability to Participate and Make Choices |
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10 | (4) |
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Citizens' Ability to Influence Policy Decisions |
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14 | (1) |
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The Contexts of Public Policy |
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14 | (6) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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The Reasons for Government Involvement |
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20 | (5) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Economics and Market Failures |
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22 | (3) |
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The Practice of Policy Analysis |
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25 | (4) |
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The Many Uses of Policy Analysis |
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25 | (1) |
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Citizens' Use of Policy Analysis |
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26 | (2) |
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How to Decide Which Policy Is Best: Using Multiple Criteria |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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2 Government Institutions and Policy Actors |
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34 | (40) |
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37 | (2) |
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Government Institutions and Policy Capacity |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (6) |
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The Evolution of Federal-State Relations |
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44 | (1) |
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State Variation in Policy Capacity |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (10) |
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49 | (3) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (3) |
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Informal Policy Actors and Policy Capacity |
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58 | (10) |
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Public Opinion and Policymaking |
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59 | (3) |
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Interest Groups, Nonprofits, and Public Policy |
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62 | (3) |
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65 | (1) |
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Policy Subgovernments and Issue Networks |
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66 | (2) |
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Improving Policy Capacity |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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3 Understanding Public Policymaking |
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74 | (38) |
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Theories of Politics and Public Policy |
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77 | (6) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (17) |
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Problem Definition and Agenda Setting |
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85 | (6) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (3) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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Instruments of Public Policy |
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100 | (4) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Education, Information, and Persuasion |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (3) |
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PART II ANALYZING PUBLIC POLICY |
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4 Policy Analysis: An Introduction |
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112 | (26) |
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The Nature of Policy Analysis |
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114 | (2) |
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Steps in the Policy Analysis Process |
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116 | (7) |
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Define and Analyze the Problem |
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118 | (1) |
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Construct Policy Alternatives |
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119 | (1) |
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Choose Evaluative Criteria |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (6) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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What Kind of Analysis Is Needed? |
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129 | (5) |
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Deal with Root Causes or Make Pragmatic Adjustments? |
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129 | (2) |
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Comprehensive Analysis or Short-Term Policy Relevance? |
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131 | (1) |
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Consensual or Contentious Analysis? |
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131 | (1) |
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Reliance on Rational Analysis or Democratic Politics? |
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132 | (1) |
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Other Aspects of Policy Analysis |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Leading General Journals of Public Policy |
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136 | (1) |
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Major Professional Newsweeklies with Policy Coverage |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (2) |
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5 Public Problems and Policy Alternatives |
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138 | (28) |
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141 | (10) |
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The Nature of the Problem |
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141 | (7) |
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Thinking about Causes and Solutions |
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148 | (3) |
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151 | (2) |
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Constructing Alternatives |
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153 | (6) |
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154 | (2) |
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Policy Typologies as Analytic Tools |
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156 | (3) |
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Thinking Creatively about Policy Action |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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6 Assessing Policy Alternatives |
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166 | (38) |
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Evaluative Criteria for Judging Policy Proposals |
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168 | (9) |
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169 | (3) |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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Ethics and Political Values |
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175 | (2) |
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Using the Methods of Policy Analysis |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (9) |
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178 | (5) |
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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (3) |
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Decision Making and Impacts |
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187 | (3) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Political and Institutional Approaches |
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190 | (4) |
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Political Feasibility Analysis |
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191 | (1) |
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Implementation Analysis and Program Evaluation |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (5) |
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PART III ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES IN PUBLIC POLICY |
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7 Economic and Budgetary Policy |
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204 | (46) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (8) |
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209 | (1) |
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Low Levels of Unemployment |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (2) |
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Positive Balance of Trade |
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215 | (1) |
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Managing Deficits and Debt |
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216 | (1) |
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Interrelationships of Economic Goals |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (7) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (1) |
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Incentives, Subsidies, and Support |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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The Budget Process and Its Effect on Economic Policy |
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224 | (4) |
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225 | (1) |
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Agency Budget Development |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (2) |
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Budget Execution and Control |
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228 | (1) |
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Economic Policy: Successes and Failures |
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228 | (5) |
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Significant Income Tax Cuts |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (2) |
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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 |
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232 | (1) |
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Economic Issues and Challenges |
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233 | (3) |
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Maintaining Economic Growth |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Focused Discussion: Deficits and Debt |
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236 | (8) |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (2) |
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Equity and Other Ethical Issues |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (42) |
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252 | (11) |
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Evolution of Health Care Policy |
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254 | (4) |
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A Hybrid System of Public and Private Health Care |
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258 | (1) |
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The Perils of Being Uninsured |
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259 | (2) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of the U.S. Health Care System |
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261 | (1) |
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A Pluralistic Health Care System |
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261 | (2) |
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Major Government Health Care Programs |
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263 | (6) |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (2) |
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Other Health Care Policy Issues |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (3) |
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272 | (1) |
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Regulation of Prescription Drugs |
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272 | (1) |
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Managed Care Organizations |
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273 | (3) |
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Reducing Health Care Costs |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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Focused Discussion: Should There Be Greater Emphasis on Preventive Health Care? |
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278 | (6) |
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279 | (2) |
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Economic Efficiency Issues |
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281 | (1) |
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Equity and Other Ethical Issues |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (5) |
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9 Welfare and Social Security Policy |
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292 | (36) |
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294 | (5) |
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294 | (5) |
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299 | (8) |
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Social Security's Changing Demographics |
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303 | (1) |
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Problems with Social Security |
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304 | (1) |
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Financing Social Security |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (9) |
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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program |
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308 | (1) |
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Aid to Families with Dependent Children |
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309 | (1) |
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The Earned Income Tax Credit |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Analysis of the Welfare Reform Law |
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312 | (4) |
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Focused Discussion: Can We Do Better? Addressing Poverty |
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316 | (5) |
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Economic and Effectiveness Issues |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (4) |
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328 | (39) |
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330 | (4) |
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Problems Facing Education |
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334 | (6) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (5) |
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340 | (6) |
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340 | (1) |
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Teacher Standards, Certification, and Salaries |
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341 | (1) |
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School Vouchers, School Choice, and Charter Schools |
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342 | (3) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (5) |
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346 | (2) |
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Costs of Higher Education |
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348 | (3) |
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Focused Discussion: Higher Education Affordability, Cost, and Value |
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351 | (8) |
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352 | (3) |
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355 | (2) |
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Equity and Ethical Issues |
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357 | (2) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (5) |
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11 Environmental and Energy Policy |
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367 | (45) |
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370 | (4) |
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The Evolution of Environmental and Energy Policy |
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374 | (5) |
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Early Environmental and Energy Policies |
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374 | (1) |
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The Modern Environmental Movement and Policy Developments |
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375 | (4) |
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From Consensus to Conflict in Environmental Policy |
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379 | (1) |
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Major Federal Environmental Policies |
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380 | (17) |
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The National Environmental Policy Act |
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383 | (1) |
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Environmental Protection Statutes and the EPA |
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383 | (10) |
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Natural Resource Policies |
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393 | (4) |
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397 | (2) |
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Focused Discussion: Climate Change and Energy Policy Alternatives |
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399 | (6) |
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399 | (2) |
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401 | (2) |
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403 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (7) |
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406 | (1) |
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407 | (1) |
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407 | (1) |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (3) |
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12 Foreign Policy and Homeland Security |
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412 | (38) |
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Background and Policy Evolution |
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416 | (15) |
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The Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Cold War |
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417 | (1) |
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The United Nations and Globalization |
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418 | (1) |
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Military Buildup and Nuclear Weapons |
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419 | (4) |
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The Intelligence Agencies and the War in Iraq |
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423 | (4) |
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Economic and Military Assistance: Foreign Aid |
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427 | (4) |
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Selected Issues in Homeland Security |
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431 | (6) |
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Comparing Homeland Security Threats: How Vulnerable Are We? |
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432 | (2) |
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The Case of Transportation Security |
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434 | (3) |
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Focused Discussion: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism |
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437 | (4) |
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Effectiveness and Efficiency |
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437 | (2) |
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Legal and Ethical Concerns |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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443 | (1) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (5) |
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13 Politics, Analysis, and Policy Choice |
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450 | (29) |
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Policy Analysis, Citizen Participation, and Policy Change |
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453 | (4) |
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Public Policies and Their Impacts |
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457 | (5) |
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Policy Conflicts and Incremental Decision Making |
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458 | (1) |
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Policy Strategies with No Crystal Ball |
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459 | (3) |
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Policy Analysis and Policy Choices |
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462 | (7) |
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462 | (2) |
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Improving Policy Capacity |
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464 | (5) |
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Citizen Participation in Decision Making |
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469 | (4) |
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Citizen Capacity and Policy Engagement |
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469 | (3) |
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New Forms of Citizen Participation |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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475 | (1) |
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476 | (3) |
Glossary |
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479 | (10) |
References |
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489 | (12) |
Index |
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501 | |