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El. knyga: Revolutions that Made the Earth

4.30/5 (37 ratings by Goodreads)
(University of Exeter, UK), (University of East Anglia, UK)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Apr-2013
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191501777
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Apr-2013
  • Leidėjas: Oxford University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780191501777

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The Earth that sustains us today was born out of a few remarkable, near-catastrophic revolutions, started by biological innovations and marked by global environmental consequences. The revolutions have certain features in common, such as an increase in the complexity, energy utilization, and information processing capabilities of life. This book describes these revolutions, showing the fundamental interdependence of the evolution of life and its non-living environment. We would not exist unless these upheavals had led eventually to 'successful' outcomes - meaning that after each one, at length, a new stable world emerged.

The current planet-reshaping activities of our species may be the start of another great Earth system revolution, but there is no guarantee that this one will be successful. This book explains what a successful transition through it might look like, if we are wise enough to steer such a course.

This book places humanity in context as part of the Earth system, using a new scientific synthesis to illustrate our debt to the deep past and our potential for the future.

Recenzijos

Lenton and Watson have written a remarkable and timely book which is both entertaining and impeccably researched from the beginning I felt both engaged and enlightened... With its academic rigour and, at the same time, its accessibility, the authors have clearly succeeded in their aim of writing scholarly popular science. As such, it should inspire us to learn from how the Earth system has evolved in the past and face up to the final question: Are we as yet sufficiently grown up to take responsibility for a whole planet? One thing is for sure: Over the next century we will find out. * Peter Horton, Chemistry World * Worth close study for anyone with more than a passing interest in the Earth sciences, from geology to climatology, and for anyone curious about why this planet is alive whilst all the other ones we know about are dead. * Mark Lynas * Lenton and Watson's thought-provoking book is the latest in a distinguished line of works that have altered our perception of the planet. * Wolfgang Lucht, Nature * This book is a stimulating read that involves its audience and challenges us to enlarge our awareness of many branches of human knowledge. It embraces the ethical question of how we can overcome our selfish genes to co-operate with our fellow human beings and recognise our symbiotic relationship with the Earth ecosystem that sustains us. * Susan Jappie, A World to Win * An exciting, timely, scholarly, and innovative book. * Tyler Volk, New York University, author of CO² Rising: The World's Greatest Environmental Challenge * [ an] interesting and provocative read. * Meric Srokosz, Ocean Challenge *

Preface vii
List of Abbreviations
xiii
Part I Introduction
1(60)
Chapter 1 Origins
3(18)
Chapter 2 Carbon and oxygen
21(17)
Chapter 3 Russian dolls
38(6)
Chapter 4 The revolutions
44(17)
Part II Theory
61(82)
Chapter 5 The anthropic Earth
63(18)
Chapter 6 The critical steps
81(23)
Chapter 7 Playing Gaia
104(39)
Part III The oxygen revolution
143(66)
Chapter 8 Photosynthesis
145(20)
Chapter 9 The trial of the oxygen poisoners
165(18)
Chapter 10 The Great Oxidation
183(26)
Part IV The complexity revolution
209(84)
Chapter 11 Life gets an upgrade
211(18)
Chapter 12 When did eukaryotes evolve?
229(13)
Chapter 13 The not-so-boring billion
242(20)
Chapter 14 The Neoproterozoic
262(31)
Part V Interlude
293(56)
Chapter 15 Animals and oxygen
295(16)
Chapter 16 The grand recycling coalition
311(19)
Chapter 17 Rolls of the dice
330(19)
Part VI A new revolution?
349(66)
Chapter 18 Climate wobbles
351(12)
Chapter 19 The origins of us
363(24)
Chapter 20 Review
387(6)
Chapter 21 Where next?
393(22)
Index 415
Tim Lenton is a Professor at the University of Exeter. His research focuses on understanding the behaviour of the Earth as a whole system, especially through the development and use of Earth system models. After gaining a BA in Natural Sciences at Cambridge University, he investigated what regulates the nutrient balance of the ocean and the oxygen content of the atmosphere as a PhD student of Andrew Watson. He also worked closely with James Lovelock developing the Gaia theory and trying to reconcile it with evolutionary theory. Moving to the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology in Edinburgh, he focused on understanding the feedbacks between the carbon cycle and the Earth's climate. Having returned to the University of East Anglia in 2004, his work identifying climate tipping points won the Times Higher Education Award for Research Projects of the Year 2008. He holds a number of other awards and fellowships.

Andrew Watson holds a Royal Society Research Professorship at the University of East Anglia. His career has spanned planetary and atmospheric sciences, oceanography, and climate, giving him a strong interest in the evolution of the Earth system as a whole. After obtaining a BSc in physics from Imperial College, he investigated the history of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere as a PhD student of James Lovelock. He worked on NASA's Pioneer Venus space mission at the University of Michigan. Returning to England and the marine research laboratories in Plymouth, he developed a new method of tracing large scale water movements. He became a professor at the University of East Anglia in 1996, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2003, and became a Royal Society Research Professor in 2009. He holds a number of other fellowships and awards.