The Earth that sustains us today was born out of a few remarkable, near-catastrophic revolutions, started by biological innovations and marked by global environmental consequences. The revolutions have certain features in common, such as an increase in complexity, energy utilization, and information processing by life. This book describes these revolutions, showing the fundamental interdependence of the evolution of life and its non-living environment. We would not exist unless these upheavals had led eventually to 'successful' outcomes - meaning that after each one, at length, a new stable world emerged.
The current planet-reshaping activities of our species may be the start of another great Earth system revolution, but there is no guarantee that this one will be successful. The book explains what a successful transition through it might look like, if we are wise enough to steer such a course.
This book places humanity in context as part of the Earth system, using a new scientific synthesis to illustrate our debt to the deep past and our potential for the future.
Recenzijos
Lenton and Watson have written a remarkable and timely book which is both entertaining and impeccably researched from the beginning I felt both engaged and enlightened... With its academic rigour and, at the same time, its accessibility, the authors have clearly succeeded in their aim of writing scholarly popular science. As such, it should inspire us to learn from how the Earth system has evolved in the past and face up to the final question: Are we as yet sufficiently grown up to take responsibility for a whole planet? One thing is for sure: Over the nextcentury we will find out. * Peter Horton, Chemistry World * Worth close study for anyone with more than a passing interest in the Earth sciences, from geology to climatology, and for anyone curious about why this planet is alive whilst all the other ones we know about are dead. * Mark Lynas * fascinating book . * Oliver Morton, The Economist * Lenton and Watson's thought-provoking book is the latest in a distinguished line of works that have altered our perception of the planet. * Wolfgang Lucht, Nature * This book is a stimulating read that involves its audience and challenges us to enlarge our awareness of many branches of human knowledge. It embraces the ethical question of how we can overcome our selfish genes to co-operate with our fellow human beings and recognise our symbiotic relationship with the Earth ecosystem that sustains us. * Susan Jappie, A World to Win * [ an] interesting and provocative read. * Meric Srokosz, Ocean Challenge *
| Preface |
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vii | |
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xiii | |
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1 | (60) |
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3 | (18) |
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Chapter 2 Carbon and oxygen |
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21 | (17) |
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38 | (6) |
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Chapter 4 The revolutions |
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44 | (17) |
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61 | (82) |
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Chapter 5 The anthropic Earth |
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63 | (18) |
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Chapter 6 The critical steps |
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81 | (23) |
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104 | (39) |
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Part III The oxygen revolution |
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143 | (66) |
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145 | (20) |
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Chapter 9 The trial of the oxygen poisoners |
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165 | (18) |
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Chapter 10 The Great Oxidation |
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183 | (26) |
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Part IV The complexity revolution |
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209 | (84) |
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Chapter 11 Life gets an upgrade |
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211 | (18) |
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Chapter 12 When did eukaryotes evolve? |
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229 | (13) |
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Chapter 13 The not-so-boring billion |
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242 | (20) |
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Chapter 14 The Neoproterozoic |
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262 | (31) |
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293 | (56) |
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Chapter 15 Animals and oxygen |
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295 | (16) |
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Chapter 16 The grand recycling coalition |
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311 | (19) |
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Chapter 17 Rolls of the dice |
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330 | (19) |
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Part VI A new revolution? |
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349 | (66) |
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Chapter 18 Climate wobbles |
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351 | (12) |
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Chapter 19 The origins of us |
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363 | (24) |
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387 | (6) |
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393 | (22) |
| Index |
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415 | |
Tim Lenton is Professor of Earth System Science at the University of East Anglia. His research focuses on understanding the behaviour of the Earth as a whole system, especially through the development and use of Earth system models. He is particularly interested in how life has reshaped the planet in the past, through a series of revolutions in Earth history, and what lessons we can draw from this as we proceed to reshape the planet now. His recent work identifying the tipping elements in the climate system won the Times Higher Education Award for Research Project of the Year 2008. Tim was also awarded a Philip Leverhulme Prize in 2004, a European Geosciences Union Outstanding Young Scientist Award 2006, the British Association Charles Lyell Award Lecture 2006, and the Geological Society of London William Smith Fund 2008. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of London (2001) and a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London (2009).
Andrew Watson holds a Royal Society Research Professorship at the University of East Anglia. His career has spanned planetary and atmospheric sciences, oceanography and climate, giving him a strong interest in the evolution of the Earth system as a whole. After obtaining a BSc in physics from Imperial College, he investigated the history of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere as a PhD student of James Lovelock. He worked on Nasa's Pioneer Venus space mission at the University of Michigan. Returning to England and the marine research laboratories in Plymouth, he developed a new method of tracing large scale water movements. He became a professor at the University of East Anglia in 1996, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2003, and became a Royal Society Research Professor in 2009. He holds a number of other fellowships and awards.
