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Toxicology of the Kidney 3rd edition [Minkštas viršelis]

(Cornell University), Edited by (Wayne State Univ School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA), Edited by , , (Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA), (Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 1200 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 453 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Oct-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367393409
  • ISBN-13: 9780367393403
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Toxicology of the Kidney 3rd editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 1200 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 453 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Oct-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367393409
  • ISBN-13: 9780367393403
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780367393403.html
The kidney plays a vital role in certain endocrine functions. Abnormalities caused by toxic chemicals or other interventions can have profound effects on these functions and consequently, on total functions. Toxicology of the Kidney, Third Edition is updated to reflect the latest research in this field and focuses on the correlation between anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology of the kidney.

The text explains how these factors are related to concepts of clinical nephrotoxicity and renal failure in humans, and how animal models can be used to understand the mechanisms of human renal disease. In addition to updating many of the key elements of previous editions, such as in vitro models for studying renal function and toxicity and classic nephrotoxicants, it also incorporates cutting edge information on newly emerging areas of renal research. These include mechanisms of cell injury, signaling pathways, biomarkers of renal disease and the interface between basic renal science and clinical outcomes.

This book includes current reviews of unpublished and recently published information which allows it to serve as a concise compendium of many key topics that will continue to play a central role in our understanding and treatment of nephrotoxicity for decades to come.
Preface xiii
Contributors xv
The Editors xix
SECTION I BASIC PRINCIPLES
1(214)
1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Kidneys
3(54)
Introduction
3(3)
Mammalian Kidney: Overall Structural Organization
6(3)
Renal Vasculature
9(1)
Nephron Heterogeneity
10(1)
Glomerulus
11(8)
Proximal Tubule
19(6)
Loop of Henle
25(7)
Distal Convoluted Tubule, Connecting Segment, and Initial Collecting Tubule
32(3)
Collecting Duct
35(11)
Papillary Surface Epithelium
46(1)
Acknowledgments
47(10)
2 Molecular and Cell Biology of Normal and Diseased or Intoxicated Kidney
57(24)
Introduction
57(1)
Urinary Enzymes and other Proteins
58(2)
Molecular Markers of Renal Cellular Function and Cytotoxicity
60(9)
MAPK Pathway
69(3)
Molecular Markers of Renal Cellular Repair and Regeneration
72(2)
Molecular Markers of Renal Cell Cancer
74(1)
Summary and Conclusions
74(7)
3 Assessing Renal Effects of Toxicants In vivo
81(68)
Introduction
81(3)
Overview of In Vivo Kidney Methodologies
84(1)
Markers of Renal Function in Blood
85(10)
Markers of Renal Function in Urine
95(27)
Animal Techniques
122(12)
Acknowledgments
134(15)
4 In vitro Techniques in Screening and Mechanistic Studies: Organ Perfusion, Slices and Nephron Components
149(42)
Introduction
149(2)
Organ Perfusion
151(6)
Renal Slices
157(16)
Nephron Components
173(18)
5 In vitro Techniques in Screening and Mechanistic Studies: Cell culture, Cell-Free systems, and Molecular and Cell Biology
191(24)
Introduction
191(1)
Primary Cultures vs. Cell Lines
192(6)
Genetically Modified Cells
198(2)
Cell Death as a Toxic Endpoint
200(2)
Transport
202(2)
Microarray
204(11)
SECTION II MECHANISMS OF NEPHROTOXICITY
215(310)
6 Role of Xenobiotic Metabolism
217(28)
Introduction
217(2)
Biotransformation Enzymes
219(1)
Phase I Enzymes
219(9)
Phase II Enzymes
228(17)
7 Mechanisms of Renal Cell Death
245(54)
Introduction
245(4)
Oncotic Cell Death
249(16)
Apoptotic Cell Death
265(13)
Toxicant-Induced Renal Cell Death
278(21)
8 Signal Transduction in Renal Cell Repair and Regeneration
299(44)
Introduction
299(1)
Signal Transduction and Stress Responses in Damaged Cells
300(19)
Renal Regeneration
319(9)
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
328(1)
Acknowledgements
329(14)
9 Chemical-Induced Nephrocarcinogenicity in the Eker Rat: A Model of Chemical-Induced Renal Carcinogenesis
343(32)
The Model
343(3)
Metabolism Dependent Nephrotoxicity of Hydroquinone
346(5)
Toxicity-Induced Cell Proliferation
351(10)
Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage
361(5)
Summary
366(9)
10 The Role of Endocytosis in Nephrotoxicity
375(58)
Introduction
375(1)
The Kidney's Role in Homeostasis of Low Molecular Weight Substances
375(3)
Endocytosis
378(21)
Kidney Endocytosis
399(6)
Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
405(7)
Exploitation of Endocytosis by Toxicants
412(21)
11 Role of Cellular Energetics in Nephrotoxicity
433(42)
Renal Energy Metabolism and Tissue Function
433(12)
Mitochondria as Primary Intracellular Targets of Toxicants and in Pathological Conditions
445(13)
Pathological Conditions
458(2)
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition and Renal Cell Death
460(2)
Summary and Conclusions
462(13)
12 Adhesion Molecules in Renal Physiology and Pathology
475(24)
Introduction
475(2)
Renal Cell Adhesion Molecules
477(8)
Disruption of Renal Cell Adhesion Molecules
485(7)
Conclusions
492(7)
13 Oxidant Mechanisms in Toxic Acute Renal Failure
499(26)
Introduction
499(1)
Role of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
500(2)
Role of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites in Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity
502(2)
Role of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites in Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure
504(2)
Mechanisms of Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury
506(8)
Regulatory Mechanisms
514(2)
Conclusion
516(9)
SECTION III CLINICAL NEPHROTOXICITY AND SPECIFIC CLASSES OF NEPHROTOXICANTS
525(496)
14 Vasoactive and Inflammatory Substances
527(92)
Introduction
527(1)
The Renin-Angiotensin System
528(14)
The Renal Kallikrein-Kinin System
542(3)
Endothelin
545(7)
Nitric Oxide
552(11)
Eicosanoids
563(11)
Role of Vasoactive and Inflammatory Mediators in Drug-Induced Renal Nephrotoxicity
574(15)
Radiocontrast Media
589(30)
15 Analgesic Nephropathy
619(16)
Introduction
619(1)
Clinical Manifestation of Classical Analgesic Nephropathy
620(5)
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
625(3)
Course of Renal Disease
628(1)
Prevention of Renal Disease
628(7)
16 Antibiotic-Induced Nephrotoxicity
635(52)
Introduction
635(1)
Aminoglycosides
636(18)
β-Lactams
654(8)
Vancomycin
662(5)
Other Antibiotics
667(2)
Conclusions
669(1)
Acknowledgments
670(17)
17 Nephrotoxicity of Cyclosporine and Other Immunosuppressive and Immunotherapeutic Agents
687(92)
Introduction
687(1)
Clinical Nephrotoxicity of Immunosuppressive Agents
688(37)
From the Clinic to the Laboratory
725(54)
18 Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
779(38)
Introduction
779(2)
Cisplatin is "Activated" Upon Entry into the Cell
781(3)
Mechanisms of Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity: Additive Roles of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress
784(3)
Cisplatin-Induced DNA Damage
787(2)
Role of Cyclin Kinase Inhibitors in Ameliorating Cisplatin-Induced Cytotoxicity
789(1)
Role of Apoptosis in Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity
790(1)
Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
791(5)
Renal Syndromes Associated with Cisplatin
796(5)
The Relative Nephrotoxicity of Cisplatin and Other Organoplatinum Compounds
801(16)
19 The Pathogenesis and Prevention of Radiocontrast Medium Induced Renal Dysfunction
817(44)
Introduction
817(1)
History
818(1)
Pharmacology and Physiology
819(3)
Mechanisms of Nephrotoxicity
822(11)
Renal Metabolism
833(2)
Animal Models of RCM Nephrotoxicity
835(1)
Risk Factors for Human RCM Nephropathy
836(3)
Complications of RCM Procedures
839(1)
Prophylactic Strategies for Prevention
840(8)
Summary
848(13)
20 Analgesics and Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
861(34)
Introduction
861(2)
Prostaglandin H Synthase
863(7)
Physiological Actions of Prostaglandins in the Kidney
870(2)
Acute Renal Effects Associated with NSAID Therapy
872(11)
Chronic Renal Effects Associated with NSAID Therapy
883(5)
Conclusions
888(7)
21 Mycotoxins Affecting the Kidney
895(42)
Introduction
895(1)
What are Mycotoxins? A Brief Overview
895(1)
The Kidney as a Target Organ
896(2)
Nephrotoxic Mycotoxins
898(26)
Mycotoxin Interactions
924(1)
Acknowledgments
925(12)
22 Nephrotoxicology of Metals
937(58)
Introduction
937(1)
Nephrotoxicology of Cadmium
937(14)
Nephrotoxicology of Mercury
951(14)
Nephrotoxicology of Lead
965(6)
Nephrotoxicology of Uranium
971(24)
23 Chemical-Induced Nephrotoxicity Mediated by Glutathione S-Conjugate Formation
995(26)
Introduction
995(1)
Role of Phase II Biotransformation in Target Organ Toxicity
996(1)
Biosynthesis of Nephrotoxic Glutathione S-Conjugates
997(7)
Metabolism of S-Conjugates and Uptake by the Kidney
1004(3)
Nephrotoxicity of S-Conjugates
1007(3)
Conclusions
1010(11)
SECTION IV RISK AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT
1021(142)
24 The Role of Epidemiology in Human Nephrotoxicity
1023(36)
Introduction
1023(1)
Epidemiological Methods
1023(11)
Epidemiological Evidence Implicating Individual Nephrotoxicants
1034(16)
Summary
1050(1)
Acknowledgments
1051(8)
25 Age, Sex and Species Differences in Nephrotoxic Response
1059(40)
Overview
1059(1)
Developmental Considerations in Nephrotoxic Responses
1060(4)
Consideration of Age-, Sex-, and Species-Related Factors in the Nephrotoxic Response
1064(9)
Major Mechanisms of Age-Associated Renal Damage in Different Species
1073(4)
Sex-Related Differences in the Nephrotoxic Response
1077(2)
Specific Examples of Age, Sex, and Species Related Differences in Xenobiotic Metabolism and the Nephrotoxic Response
1079(9)
Renal Carcinogenesis and the Nephrotoxic Response
1088(2)
Conclusions
1090(9)
26 Risk Assessment of Nephrotoxic Metals
1099(34)
General Principles
1099(3)
Cadmium
1102(11)
Lead
1113(10)
Concluding Remarks
1123(10)
27 Risk Assessment for Selected Therapeutics
1133(30)
Overview
1133(1)
Toxicity Assessment of Xemilofiban and Orbofiban
1134(14)
Toxicity Assessment of the Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors
1148(15)
Index 1163
Joan B. Tarlofr, Lawrence H. Lash