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El. knyga: Transgenic Insects: Techniques and Applications [CABI E-books]

Contributions by (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA), Edited by (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA)
  • Formatas: 398 pages
  • Serija: CABI Biotechnology Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Oct-2014
  • Leidėjas: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781780644516
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • CABI E-books
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Transgenic Insects: Techniques and ApplicationsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 398 pages
  • Serija: CABI Biotechnology Series
  • Išleidimo metai: 23-Oct-2014
  • Leidėjas: CABI Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781780644516
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Wiley OnlineMore info about CABI e-books
Insect transgenesis promises improvements in agriculture, pharmaceuticals and public health. Many important insects can now be routinely transformed with effectors that have useful applications. Agriculture presents the largest market for transgenic insects and has a foundational history of success with sterile insect technique for control of pests including Mediterranean fruit flies and screwworms. Biotechnology will contribute superior markers, suppressible sterility and sex-conversion. Public health is also seeing transgenic mosquitoes developed which suppress natural populations and are incapable of transmitting disease. Experts in the field will contribute their insights into the latest technology and its applications. Authors will also consider the larger risks, social and economic aspects of transgenic insects whose value must be proven in political, regulatory and public acceptance arenas.
Contributors xv
Acknowledgements xix
Preface xxi
Part 1: Germline Transformation Technology
1 Transposons for Insect Transformation
1(17)
David A. O'Brochta
Kasim George
Hanfu Xu
1.1 Transposable Elements
1(1)
1.2 DNA Transposons
2(1)
1.3 Transposons with Activity in Insects
3(8)
1.3.1 P
3(3)
1.3.2 piggyBac
6(1)
1.3.3 Mos1
7(1)
1.3.4 Minos
8(1)
1.3.5 hAT elements
9(2)
1.4 Summary
11(1)
References
11(7)
2 Transposon-Based Technologies for Insects
18(11)
David A. O'Brochta
Kasim George
Hanfu Xu
2.1 Transposon-Based Technologies
18(1)
2.2 Mutagenesis
18(1)
2.3 Germ-Line Transformation
19(2)
2.4 Modular Expression Systems
21(1)
2.5 Cell/Genetic Ablation
22(1)
2.6 Transgene Mis-expression
22(1)
2.7 Transgenic Gene Silencing
22(1)
2.8 Site-Specific Recombination
22(1)
2.9 Genetic Sensors
23(2)
2.9.1 Enhancer sensors/traps
23(1)
2.9.2 Gene sensors/traps
23(1)
2.9.3 Promoter sensors/traps
24(1)
2.9.4 Protein sensors/traps
24(1)
2.10 Conclusions
24(1)
References
25(4)
3 Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression
29(22)
Andrew Marc Hammond
Tony Nolan
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Gene Regulation in Insects
29(2)
3.3 The Basic Genetic Construct
31(1)
3.4 Controlling for Position Effects
31(1)
3.5 General Considerations for Promoter Choice
32(1)
3.6 Sex-Specific Transgene Expression
33(6)
3.7 Tissue-Specific Expression
39(2)
3.8 Stage-Specific Expression
41(1)
3.9 Future Prospects
42(1)
3.10 Applications of Sex-, Tissue- and Stage-Specific Transgene Expression
43(1)
References
43(8)
4 Docking Systems for Site-Directed Transgene Integration
51(15)
Paul Eggleston
Janet M. Meredith
4.1 Background and Introduction
51(4)
4.2 Site-Specific Transgenesis - Generation of Phase 1 Docking Strains
55(4)
4.2.1 Insect husbandry
55(1)
4.2.2 Collection of embryos
55(1)
4.2.3 Needles and nucleic acids for microinjection
56(1)
4.2.4 Microinjection of phase 1 plasmid constructs
57(1)
4.2.5 Recovery of injected embryos
57(1)
4.2.6 Go backcross strategies
58(1)
4.2.7 Establishing transgenic populations
58(1)
4.2.8 Characterization of phase 1 docking strains
58(1)
4.3 Site-Specific Transgenesis - Generation of Phase 2 Integrations
59(1)
4.4 Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange
59(2)
4.5 Future Developments in the Use of Docking Systems
61(1)
4.6 Docking Systems Combined with Transposon Stabilization Strategies
61(1)
4.7 Integration of Large, Complex Transgene Constructs
62(1)
4.8 Construction of Complex Transgenes by Sequential Use of Integrases
63(1)
References
64(2)
5 Inducible and Repressible Systems for Transgene Expression
66(17)
Rosemary S. Lees
Rocco D'Amato
Mark Q. Benedict
5.1 Introduction
66(1)
5.2 Naturally Occurring Systems of Conditional Expression
67(4)
5.2.1 Heat shock - hsp70
67(2)
5.2.2 Glucose repression
69(1)
5.2.3 Metallothionein
69(1)
5.2.4 lac inducible systems
70(1)
5.3 Synthetic Systems
71(7)
5.3.1 Tetracycline-mediated expression
71(1)
5.3.2 Dimerization
72(3)
5.3.3 GeneSwitch
75(1)
5.3.4 Q system
76(2)
5.3.5 Use of Cre/loxP recombination
78(1)
5.4 Conclusions
78(1)
References
78(5)
6 Sex Ratio Manipulation for Insect Population Control
83(18)
Philippos A. Papathanos
Nikolai Windbichler
Omar S. Akbari
6.1 Introduction
83(1)
6.2 Overview of Applications and General Principles
84(1)
6.3 Meiotic Drive
85(5)
6.4 Sex-Specific Lethality
90(3)
6.5 Manipulation of Sex Determination Mechanisms
93(2)
6.6 Conclusions
95(1)
References
95(6)
7 Conditional Dominant Lethals - RIDL
101(16)
Luke Alphey
Martha Koukidou
Neil I. Morrison
7.1 Re-engineering the Sterile Insect Technique
101(1)
7.2 Sterile Insects and Genetic Control
102(1)
7.3 Engineered Traits
103(3)
7.3.1 Genetic sterilization
103(1)
7.3.2 Genetic sexing
104(1)
7.3.3 Combining genetic sexing and genetic sterilization - fsRIDL
105(1)
7.4 Integrated Pest Management
106(1)
7.5 Resistance Management
106(1)
7.6 Molecular Designs
106(1)
7.7 Choosing an Effector
107(1)
7.8 Choice of Switch
107(2)
7.9 Strain Performance
109(1)
7.10 Penetrance
109(1)
7.11 Resistance
109(1)
7.12 Field Experience and Future Prospects
110(1)
Notes
111(1)
Acknowledgements
111(1)
References
111(6)
Part 2: Applications Of Transgenic Insects
8 Tephritid Fruit Fly Transgenesis and Applications
117(21)
Alfred M. Handler
Marc F. Schetelig
8.1 Introduction
117(1)
8.2 Transformation with the Minos Vector System
117(2)
8.2.1 Minos transformation of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
118(1)
8.2.2 Minos transformation of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae
118(1)
8.3 Transformation with the piggyBac Vector System
119(4)
8.3.1 piggyBac transformation of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
119(1)
8.3.2 piggyBac transformation of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis
119(1)
8.3.3 piggyBac transformation of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa
120(1)
8.3.4 piggyBac transformation of the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens
121(1)
8.3.5 piggyBac transformation of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni
122(1)
8.3.6 piggyBac transformation of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae
123(1)
8.4 Transformation with the Hermes Vector System
123(1)
8.4.1 Hermes transformation of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata
123(1)
8.5 Marker Systems for Transformant Organismal and Tissue Detection in Tephritid Flies
124(3)
8.5.1 Transformant marking systems
124(2)
8.5.2 Spermatocyte-specific transgene marking
126(1)
8.5.3 Y-linked vector integrations for male-specific marking
126(1)
8.6 Post-integration Stabilization of Transposon Vectors in Tephritid Flies
127(2)
8.6.1 Vector stabilization by post-integration deletion of a single terminal sequence
128(1)
8.6.2 Vector stabilization by deletion of both terminal sequences
128(1)
8.7 Site-Specific Genomic Targeting in Tephritids
129(1)
8.7.1 Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange
129(1)
8.7.2 sa3C31-mediated recombination
130(1)
8.8 Transgenic Strains for Improved Population Control of Tephritids
130(3)
8.8.1 Conditional lethality using a dominant temperature-sensitive mutation
131(1)
8.8.2 Conditional lethality using a tetracycline-suppressible (Tet-Off) lethal system
131(1)
8.8.3 The release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL) system
132(1)
8.8.4 Conditional embryonic lethality using a Tet-Off lethal system
132(1)
Acknowledgement
133(1)
References
133(5)
9 Silkworm Transgenesis and Applications
138(14)
Hideki Sezutsu
Toshiki Tamura
9.1 Introduction
138(1)
9.2 Generation of Transgenic Silkworms
138(3)
9.3 Application of Transgenic Silkworms to Gene Function Analyses
141(1)
9.4 Production of Recombinant Proteins for Pharmaceutical Use
142(3)
9.5 Construction of Modified Silk and its Possible Use as a Biomaterial
145(1)
9.6 Gene Targeting
146(1)
9.7 Future Prospects
147(1)
References
148(4)
10 Transgenic Approaches for Sterile Insect Control of Dipteran Livestock Pests and Lepidopteran Crop Pests
152(16)
Maxwell J. Scott
Neil I. Morrison
Gregory S. Simmons
10.1 A Brief History of Using the Sterile Insect Technique for Controlling Populations of Agricultural Pests
152(3)
10.2 Enhancing the Sterile Insect Technique Through Transgenic Technologies: an Overview
155(2)
10.2.1 Transgenic technologies provide a means for reliably marking released insects
155(1)
10.2.2 Molecular genetic systems for making male-only strains
156(1)
10.3 Enhancing the Sterile Insect Technique Through Transgenic Technologies: New World Screwworm and the Australian Sheep Blowfly
157(2)
10.3.1 Germline transformation of C. hominivorax and L. cuprina
157(1)
10.3.2 Development of male-only strains of C. hominivorax and L. cuprina
158(1)
10.4 Enhancing the Sterile Insect Technique Through Transgenic Technologies: Lepidoptera
159(2)
10.4.1 Pink bollworm
159(1)
10.4.2 Transgenic genetic sexing strains
160(1)
10.5 Future Directions
161(1)
Acknowledgements
161(2)
References
163(5)
11 Antipathogen Effector Molecules: Current and Future Strategies
168(20)
Michael A. Riehle
Shirley Luckhart
11.1 Introduction
168(1)
11.2 Effector Molecules
168(8)
11.2.1 Endogenous antimicrobial peptides
171(1)
11.2.2 Exogenous and synthetic antimicrobial peptides
172(2)
11.2.3 Single chain antibodies as antimalaria parasite effector molecules
174(1)
11.2.4 Other antimalaria parasite effector molecules
175(1)
11.2.5 Use of RNAi effector molecules to block pathogen transmission
175(1)
11.2.6 Summary of exogenous effector molecules
176(1)
11.3 Manipulating Mosquito Physiology: Insulin Signalling as a Case Study for Modifying Immunity, Lifespan and Reproduction
176(5)
11.3.1 The insect midgut as an attractive target tissue for physiological manipulations
177(1)
11.3.2 Insulin signalling mediates autophagy and mitochondria biogenesis
178(1)
11.3.3 IIS influences epithelial barrier integrity, stem cell physiology and ageing via mitochondrial dynamics
179(1)
11.3.4 IIS regulates immunity by maintaining mitochondrial balance
180(1)
11.3.5 Regulation of lifespan by mitochondrial dynamics
181(1)
11.4 Conclusions
181(1)
References
182(6)
12 Sexual Sterilization of Mosquitoes
188(20)
Paolo Gabrieli
Eric Marois
Flaminia Catteruccia
12.1 Introduction
188(1)
12.2 Genetic Sterility Versus Irradiation
189(1)
12.3 Spermless Males Induce Life-Long Sterility in Females
190(1)
12.4 Genetic Sterility Through the Expression of Testis-Specific Effector Genes
191(1)
12.5 Targeting the Function of the Male Accessory Glands
192(1)
12.6 Male Sterility Genes: What Is Known in Drosophila
192(6)
12.7 Biotechnology Toolbox to Generate Sterility
198(1)
12.8 Disrupting Fertility by Classical Transgenesis
198(1)
12.9 Target Gene Disruption by Homologous Recombination-Based Gene Knock-Out or Replacement
198(2)
12.10 Gene Knock-Out Using Synthetic Endonucleases
200(1)
12.11 Culturing Sexually Sterile Mosquito Lines
201(1)
Acknowledgements
201(1)
References
201(7)
Part 3: Alternative Transgenic Approaches To Modifying Insect Phenotypes
13 Paratransgenesis in Mosquitoes and Other Insects: Microbial Ecology and Bacterial Genetic Considerations
208(19)
David J. Lampe
Nicholas J. Bongio
13.1 Introduction
208(1)
13.2 Requirements for Successful Paratransgenesis
208(13)
13.2.1 Mosquito microbial ecology
209(1)
13.2.2 Effector molecules
210(3)
13.2.3 Effector delivery
213(3)
13.2.4 Fitness considerations for paratransgenic bacteria
216(2)
13.2.5 Genetically stable paratransgenic strains suitable for field release
218(2)
13.2.6 Introducing and spreading bacterial strains for paratransgenesis
220(1)
13.3 Paratransgenesis of Mosquitoes Against Malaria With Genetically Modified Bacteria
221(1)
13.4 Paratransgenesis With Naturally Occurring Bacterial Strains
221(1)
13.5 Conclusions
222(1)
Acknowledgements
222(1)
References
222(5)
14 Asaia Paratransgenesis in Mosquitoes
227(12)
Guido Favia
14.1 Asaia in Mosquitoes
227(1)
14.2 Asaia and Paratransgenesis in Mosquito-Borne Disease Control
228(3)
14.3 Asaia is Capable of Cross-Colonizing Insects of Different Genera and Orders
231(1)
14.4 Asaia Within Mosquitoes: What Are its Beneficial Roles?
232(1)
14.5 Future Perspectives
233(2)
References
235(4)
15 Paratransgenic Control of Chagas Disease
239(11)
Ivy Hurwitz
Nicole Klein
Adam P. Forshaw
Ravi V. Durvasula
15.1 Introduction
239(1)
15.2 Chagas Disease
239(2)
15.2.1 Epidemiology and globalization of Chagas disease
239(1)
15.2.2 Modes of transmission of Chagas disease
240(1)
15.3 Novel Approaches to Eradication of Chagas Disease
241(3)
15.3.1 Paratransgenesis
241(1)
15.3.2 Antimicrobial peptides as effector molecules
242(1)
15.3.3 Single chain antibodies
243(1)
15.3.4 β-1-3-glucanase
244(1)
15.4 From Bench Top to Field Trials
244(2)
15.5 Conclusions
246(1)
References
246(4)
16 Tsetse Paratransgenesis: a Novel Strategy for Reducing the Spread of African Trypanosomiasis
250(13)
Brian L. Weiss
Serap Aksoy
16.1 Tsetse as Vectors of Parasitic African Trypanosomes
250(1)
16.2 Tsetse Symbiosis - Transmission Routes and Functions
251(2)
16.3 Tsetse Paratransgenesis
253(3)
16.3.1 Suitability of Soda/is for tsetse transgenesis
253(1)
16.3.2 Identification and expression of anti-trypanosomal effector molecules
254(1)
16.3.3 Promoters and secretion signals
255(1)
16.3.4 Establishment of symbiont infections in the gut
256(1)
16.4 Taxonomic Characterization of the Tsetse Microbiome
256(1)
16.5 Mechanisms to Drive Parasite-Resistant Tsetse Phenotypes into Natural Populations
257(1)
16.5.1 Natural and manipulated population biology of Wolbachia infections
257(1)
16.5.2 Modelling the efficacy of paratransgenic control
258(1)
16.5.3 Polyandry and cytoplasmic incompatibility
258(1)
16.6 Conclusions
258(1)
References
259(4)
Part 4: Considerations For The Release Of Transgenic Insects
17 RIDL: Modelling Release of Insects Carrying a Dominant Lethal
263(20)
Nina Alphey
Michael B. Bonsall
17.1 Sterile Insect Methods
263(2)
17.1.1 Mathematical models of the SIT
264(1)
17.2 A Genetic Twist
265(4)
17.2.1 What is the RIDL system?
265(1)
17.2.2 Genetically engineered phenotypes
265(3)
17.2.3 Estimating key parameters
268(1)
17.3 It's the Ecology, Stupid!
269(4)
17.3.1 Competition
270(2)
17.3.2 Life history stage structure
272(1)
17.3.3 Space and dispersal
272(1)
17.3.4 Timing
273(1)
17.4 The Aim of the Game
273(3)
17.4.1 Aiding experiments
274(1)
17.4.2 Epidemiological targets
274(1)
17.4.3 Resistance
275(1)
17.4.4 Education
276(1)
17.5 All Together Now
276(1)
17.6 Follow the Money
277(1)
17.7 Wish List
277(2)
References
279(4)
18 Assessing Risk of Transgenic Insects
283(23)
M.M. Quinlan
18.1 Introduction
283(3)
18.1.1 Scope of this chapter
283(1)
18.1.2 Historic context for biosafety risk assessment and regulation
283(3)
18.2 Risk Assessment
286(1)
18.2.1 Understanding risk
286(1)
18.3 Risk Assessment of Living Insects
287(1)
18.4 Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms
288(2)
18.5 Special Aspects of Risk for Transgenic Insects
290(5)
18.5.1 Phases in assessment for transgenic insects
290(1)
18.5.2 Characteristics of the organism
291(1)
18.5.3 Introduced traits
291(3)
18.5.4 Receiving environment
294(1)
18.5.5 Intended use or application of the GMOs
294(1)
18.5.6 Interactions and cumulative risk
295(1)
18.6 Documentation of Risk Assessment
295(1)
18.7 Social and Political Aspects of Risk
296(2)
18.8 Conclusions
298(1)
Notes
299(1)
Acknowledgements
299(1)
References
299(7)
19 Economics of Transgenic Insects for Field Release
306(13)
John D. Mumford
L. Roman Carrasco
19.1 Introduction
306(1)
19.2 Inundative Concept
307(4)
19.3 Inoculative Concept
311(3)
19.4 Funding Investment and Capturing Benefits
314(1)
19.5 Capturing Public Health Benefits
315(1)
19.6 Conclusions
316(1)
References
317(2)
20 Risk Analysis and the Regulation of Transgenic Insects
319(17)
Camilla Beech
Tom Miller
20.1 Introduction
319(1)
20.2 Genetic Engineering
320(5)
20.2.1 Regulatory frameworks
321(2)
20.2.2 Genetically engineered insects - current progress
323(2)
20.3 Common Features of Regulatory Systems
325(4)
20.3.1 Risk assessment
325(1)
20.3.2 Risk management
326(1)
20.3.3 Risk communication
327(2)
20.4 Regulatory Gaps and Overlaps
329(1)
20.5 Conclusions
330(1)
Notes
331(1)
References
332(4)
21 Public Acceptability of New Insect Vector Control Technologies
336(10)
Katherine F. King
Pamela Kolopack
Lara Zahabi-Bekdash
James V. Lavery
21.1 Introduction
336(1)
21.2 The On-Going Challenge of Vector Control
336(1)
21.3 The Need for Alternative Public Health Strategies to Control Vector-Borne Diseases
337(1)
21.4 The New Technologies
337(1)
21.5 Challenges For The Public Acceptability of New Vector Technologies
337(2)
21.5.1 Incentives in research and product development
337(1)
21.5.2 The backdrop of historical injustice
338(1)
21.5.3 The controversial nature of some new vector control technologies
339(1)
21.6 Mechanisms to Address Challenges for Public Engagement
339(1)
21.7 Community Engagement
339(3)
21.7.1 Identifying and managing non-obvious risks and benefits
340(1)
21.7.2 Expanding respect beyond the individual
341(1)
21.7.3 Building legitimacy for the research project
341(1)
21.7.4 'Formal' government approvals
341(1)
21.8 Informed Consent
342(1)
21.9 Conclusions
343(1)
References
344(2)
22 The Cartagena Protocol on the Transboundary Movement of Living Modified Organisms: The Regulation of Trade in Transgenic Organisms under International and European Environmental Law
346(15)
Ricardo Pereira
22.1 Introduction
346(1)
22.2 Overview of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity
346(1)
22.3 Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000/2003)
347(9)
22.3.1 The Advanced Informed Agreement procedure
348(2)
22.3.2 Risk assessment and public participation
350(1)
22.3.3 Liability and compliance
351(1)
22.3.4 The Nagoya-Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
352(2)
22.3.5 The implementation of the Cartagena Protocol - the case of the European Union
354(2)
22.4 Conclusions
356(1)
Notes
357(3)
References
360(1)
Index 361
Mark has a PhD in entomology with an emphasis on molecular biology and genetics from the University of Florida. He has been a developer of technology for developing transgenic insects, developed insectary methods for producing mosquitoes for release into the field, directed field studies underlying releases of transgenic insects and assisting developing country operations where transgenic insects will be used. He has worked at USDA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the International Atomic Energy Agency and the University of Perugia. He is currently a research biologist at the CDC and is based in Atlanta, GA USA. He has contributed book chapters and over 100 peer reviewed publications.
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