Preface |
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xi | |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 A brief history of wind turbines |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Current state of wind energy |
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4 | (1) |
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1.4 Energy policies for wind power |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (14) |
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7 | (8) |
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2.1.1 Vertical axis- vs. horizontal-axis wind turbines |
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7 | (4) |
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2.1.2 Drag-type and lift-type wind turbines |
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11 | (3) |
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2.1.3 Large-scale vs. small-scale wind turbines |
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14 | (1) |
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2.2 Need and application of small-scale wind turbines |
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15 | (1) |
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2.3 Challenges with small-scale wind turbine designs |
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15 | (6) |
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3 Components of a small-scale wind turbine |
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21 | (10) |
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21 | (4) |
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3.2 Transmission mechanism |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (4) |
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4 Aerodynamics of a wind turbine |
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31 | (16) |
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4.1 Froude--Rankine theorem |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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4.3 Aerodynamics of a wind turbine rotor |
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34 | (3) |
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37 | (2) |
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4.5 Blade element momentum theory |
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39 | (4) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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5 Applying BEM to small-scale wind turbine blade design |
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47 | (14) |
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5.1 Iterative scheme for BEM theory |
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47 | (2) |
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5.2 Size of the wind turbine |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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51 | (2) |
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5.5 Number of blades, chord length, and solidity |
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53 | (4) |
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57 | (1) |
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5.7 Wind turbine performance |
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58 | (3) |
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6 CFD analysis of wind turbines: Fundamentals |
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61 | (40) |
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61 | (3) |
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6.1.1 The need for high-fidelity modeling techniques |
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61 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) |
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61 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Capabilities and trade-offs |
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62 | (2) |
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6.1.4 Goals of this chapter (and Chapter 7) |
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64 | (1) |
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6.2 Continuous model of wind turbine fluid dynamics |
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64 | (3) |
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6.3 Discretization techniques |
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67 | (16) |
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6.3.1 Finite difference method (FDM) |
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68 | (3) |
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6.3.2 Finite volume method (FVM) |
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71 | (8) |
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6.3.3 Time discretization |
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79 | (4) |
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6.4 Solution methods for linear systems |
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83 | (6) |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (4) |
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6.5 Solution methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations |
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89 | (12) |
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6.5.1 Pressure coupling problem |
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90 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Pressure-correction methods |
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91 | (10) |
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7 CFD analysis of wind turbines: Practical guidelines |
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101 | (30) |
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7.1 Building the computational domain |
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101 | (8) |
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7.1.1 Turbine geometry and dimensionality |
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101 | (4) |
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7.1.2 Boundary conditions, spacing, and blockage |
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105 | (2) |
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7.1.3 Rotational subdomains |
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107 | (2) |
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7.2 Mesh generation and refinement |
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109 | (4) |
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113 | (3) |
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7.3.1 Multiple reference frame (MRF) model |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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7.4 Choosing a turbulence method |
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116 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) models |
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117 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Scale-Resolving Simulation (SRS) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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7.5 Computing the solution |
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121 | (2) |
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7.5.1 Spatial discretization |
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121 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Temporal discretization |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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7.5.5 Convergence criteria |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (8) |
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124 | (3) |
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7.6.2 Verification and validation |
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127 | (4) |
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8 Diffuser-Augmented Small-Scale Wind Turbine |
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131 | (12) |
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8.1 Flow inside the diffuser without a wind turbine |
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131 | (1) |
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8.2 Flow inside the diffuser with a wind turbine |
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132 | (3) |
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8.3 Diffuser design optimization |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (3) |
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8.5 Effect of geometrical parameters on the velocity augmentation factor |
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138 | (2) |
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8.6 Some other diffuser designs |
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140 | (2) |
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8.7 Pros and cons of the diffuser |
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142 | (1) |
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9 Unconventional wind energy harvesters |
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143 | (8) |
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9.1 Piezoelectric wind turbine |
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144 | (3) |
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9.2 Wind power from controlled aerodynamic instability phenomena |
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147 | (4) |
References |
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151 | (6) |
Index |
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