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List of Figures and Tables |
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x | |
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xii | |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xv | |
Acknowledgements |
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xix | |
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1 | (28) |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Prescriptive and Descriptive Approaches to Grammar |
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4 | (8) |
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1.3 Grammar in Real-World Contexts |
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12 | (3) |
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1.4 The Study of Grammars |
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15 | (7) |
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1.4.1 Grammar of Non-Standard Dialects |
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17 | (2) |
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1.4.2 Grammar in First Language Acquisition |
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19 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Grammar in Language Disorders |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (7) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (42) |
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2.1 Introduction to Word Structure |
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29 | (4) |
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2.2 Inflectional Morphology |
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33 | (8) |
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2.3 Derivational Morphology |
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41 | (9) |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (6) |
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50 | (5) |
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2.5 Conversion and Back-Formation |
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55 | (4) |
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2.6 Non-Morphemic Word-Formation Processes |
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59 | (12) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (57) |
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3.1 Introduction to Major Word Classes |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (15) |
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3.2.1 Common and Proper Nouns |
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74 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Count and Non-Count Nouns |
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76 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Abstract and Concrete Nouns |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (3) |
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3.2.6 Possessive, Demonstrative and Reflexive Pronouns |
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82 | (3) |
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3.2.7 Reciprocal, Indefinite, Interrogative and Relative Pronouns |
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85 | (3) |
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88 | (21) |
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3.3.1 Morphological Features of Verbs |
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88 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Tense, Finite and Non-Finite Verbs |
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90 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Lexical and Auxiliary Verbs |
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92 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Modality, Aspect and Voice |
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93 | (4) |
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3.3.5 Verbs Have, Be and Do |
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97 | (1) |
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3.3.6 Classes of Lexical Verbs |
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98 | (11) |
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109 | (6) |
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3.4.1 Absolute, Comparative and Superlative Adjectives |
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110 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Attributive and Predicative Adjectives |
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112 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Words Before and After Adjectives |
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113 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Post-Positive Adjectives |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (13) |
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3.5.1 Function and Meaning of Adverbs |
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115 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Morphological Features of Adverbs |
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116 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Words Before and After Adverbs |
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117 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Real-World Uses of Adverbs |
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118 | (2) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (4) |
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128 | (35) |
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4.1 Introduction to Minor Word Classes |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (12) |
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4.2.1 Definite and Indefinite Articles |
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130 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Numerals and Quantity Words |
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132 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Possessive and Demonstrative Determiners |
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132 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Lara's Use of Determiners |
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134 | (2) |
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4.2.5 Order of Determiners |
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136 | (1) |
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4.2.6 Determiners in Children with Language Disorder |
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136 | (5) |
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141 | (7) |
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4.3.1 Meaning of Prepositions |
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141 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Simple and Complex Prepositions |
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143 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Words Before and After Prepositions |
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143 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Prepositions in Lara and Ella |
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143 | (3) |
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4.3.5 Prepositions in British and American English |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (15) |
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4.4.1 Coordinating Conjunctions |
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148 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Subordinating Conjunctions |
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149 | (1) |
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4.4.3 Subordinating Conjunctions in Children |
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150 | (6) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (49) |
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5.1 Introduction to Phrases |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (9) |
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5.2.1 Heads in Noun Phrases |
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165 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Pre-Modifiers in Noun Phrases |
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167 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Post-Modifiers in Noun Phrases |
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168 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Noun Phrases in Lara and Ella |
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169 | (4) |
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5.2.5 Functions in Noun Phrases |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (13) |
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5.3.1 Pre-Modifiers in Verb Phrases |
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174 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Pre-Modifiers in Children with Language Disorder |
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177 | (3) |
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5.3.3 Post-Modifiers in Verb Phrases |
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180 | (3) |
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5.3.4 Functions in Verb Phrases |
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183 | (4) |
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187 | (4) |
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5.4.1 Pre-Modifiers in Adjective Phrases |
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187 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Post-Modifiers in Adjective Phrases |
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188 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Adjective Phrases in Children with Language Disorder |
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188 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Functions in Adjective Phrases |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Pre-Modifiers in Adverb Phrases |
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191 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Post-Modifiers in Adverb Phrases |
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193 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Adverb Phrases in Adults with Alzheimer's Dementia |
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193 | (3) |
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5.5.4 Functions in Adverb Phrases |
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196 | (1) |
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5.6 Prepositional Phrases |
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197 | (15) |
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5.6.1 Post-Modifiers in Prepositional Phrases |
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198 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Pre-Modifiers in Prepositional Phrases |
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199 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Other Phrases and the Prepositional Phrase |
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199 | (1) |
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5.6.4 Prepositional Phrases in Lara and Ella |
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200 | (3) |
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5.6.5 Functions in Prepositional Phrases |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (43) |
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6.1 Introduction to Clauses |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (7) |
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6.3 Finite Subordinate Clauses |
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221 | (12) |
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6.3.1 Declarative Subordinate Clauses |
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223 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Interrogative Subordinate Clauses |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (6) |
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6.4 Non-Finite Subordinate Clauses |
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233 | (22) |
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6.4.1 Bare Infinitive Clauses |
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233 | (2) |
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6.4.2 To-Infinitive Clauses |
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235 | (4) |
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6.4.3 -ing Participle Clauses |
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239 | (5) |
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6.4.4 -ed Participle Clauses |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (4) |
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252 | (3) |
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255 | (36) |
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7.1 Introduction to Sentences |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (4) |
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7.2.1 Structure of Declaratives |
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258 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Function of Declaratives |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (11) |
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7.3.1 Yes-No Interrogatives |
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262 | (4) |
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266 | (5) |
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7.3.3 Function of Interrogatives |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Structure of Imperatives |
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273 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Function of Imperatives |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (13) |
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7.5.1 Structure and Function of Exclamatives |
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278 | (5) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Suggestions for Further Reading |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (3) |
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291 | (41) |
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332 | (10) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (3) |
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341 | (1) |
Glossary |
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342 | (24) |
Bibliography |
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366 | (2) |
Index |
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368 | |