Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
Chapter 1 Life Course Criminology |
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1 | (13) |
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1 | (1) |
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Origins of Life Course Criminology |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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What Is Life Course Criminology? |
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3 | (1) |
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Concepts and Issues in Life Course Criminology |
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4 | (3) |
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Life Course Theories of Criminal Behavior |
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7 | (1) |
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Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime |
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7 | (1) |
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Sampson and Laub's Age-Graded Theory of Social Control |
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8 | (1) |
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Developmental Trajectories and Typologies of Offenders |
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8 | (3) |
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Moffitt's Theory of Adolescent-Limited and Life Course-Persistent Delinquents |
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9 | (1) |
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Patterson's Early and Late Starters |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (3) |
Chapter 2 The Stability of Criminal and Analogous Behaviors |
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14 | (16) |
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What Do We Mean by Stability of Criminal Behavior? |
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15 | (1) |
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How Is Stability of Criminal Behavior Measured? |
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16 | (3) |
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Issues Related to Measurement of Stability |
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19 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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Homotypic and Heterotypic Indicators |
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20 | (1) |
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Law of Longitudinal Relationships |
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21 | (1) |
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Empirical Findings on Stability |
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22 | (5) |
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Review of Stability of Problem Behavior |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
Chapter 3 Continuity in Antisocial Potential |
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30 | (18) |
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31 | (1) |
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Heterotypic, Homotypic, and Cumulative Continuity |
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32 | (2) |
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State Dependence and Heterogeneity |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (1) |
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Person-Environment Interactions |
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39 | (8) |
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Evocative Person-Environment Interactions |
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40 | (1) |
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Proactive Person-Environment Interactions |
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40 | (3) |
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Reactive Person-Environment Interactions |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (1) |
Chapter 4 Genetics and Crime |
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48 | (17) |
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Early Biological Explanations |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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New Study of Biology and Behavior |
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51 | (1) |
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Behavioral Genetic Study of Criminality |
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52 | (12) |
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Behavioral Genetic Models |
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53 | (3) |
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Early Findings From Twin and Adoption Studies |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (7) |
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64 | (1) |
Chapter 5 Introduction to Brain Structure and Basic Functions-Part I: The Hindbrain, Midbrain, and Limbic Structures in the Development of Criminality |
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65 | (21) |
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Brain Development and Structure |
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66 | (19) |
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Hindbrain Structure and Function |
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67 | (3) |
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Midbrain Structure and Function |
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70 | (1) |
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Structures of the Subcortical (Limbic) Region |
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71 | (14) |
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85 | (1) |
Chapter 6 Introduction to Brain Structure and Basic Functions-Part II: Forebrain Formation, Trauma, and Criminal Behavior |
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86 | (19) |
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Forebrain: Cortical Region |
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86 | (18) |
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Lateralization and the Corpus Callosum |
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87 | (2) |
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Four Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex |
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89 | (9) |
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Explaining Neural Darwinism: Pruning of Neural Pathways |
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98 | (6) |
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104 | (1) |
Chapter 7 Concepts and Issues in Neuropsychological Functioning |
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105 | (29) |
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Brain Structure and Functioning of the Nervous System |
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106 | (18) |
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106 | (4) |
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Neurons and Their Working Environment |
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110 | (3) |
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Synapses and Formation of Synaptic Paths |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (8) |
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Nervous System Functioning and Criminality |
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124 | (1) |
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Hormones and Their Effect on Physiology and Behavior |
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124 | (3) |
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Integrating Concepts of Physiology and Environment |
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127 | (6) |
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133 | (1) |
Chapter 8 Sex Differences in Brain Processes and Laterality |
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134 | (18) |
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Sex Differences in Hemispheric Lateralization |
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136 | (7) |
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Effects of Androgens and Hormones |
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143 | (3) |
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Developmental Theory for Sex Differences in Criminality |
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146 | (5) |
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151 | (1) |
Chapter 9 Special Topics in the Life Course: Psychopathy, Early Onset, and Drug Influences on Criminality |
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152 | (19) |
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152 | (3) |
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152 | (2) |
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Research Regarding Psychopaths |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (6) |
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Introduction to Early Onset |
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156 | (1) |
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Defining Measurement and Prevalence of Early Onset |
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156 | (1) |
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Theoretical Frameworks Regarding Perinatal and Developmental Causes of Onset |
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157 | (2) |
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Physiological and Environmental Factors Associated With Early Onset |
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159 | (2) |
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Drugs and Brain Functioning |
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161 | (10) |
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How Drugs Affect Brain Functioning |
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161 | (2) |
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How Drugs Affect the Brain and Physiological Functioning |
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163 | (6) |
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169 | (2) |
Chapter 10 Individuals and Their Social World |
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171 | (24) |
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Variation Left Unexplained by Genetic Influences |
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171 | (3) |
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Changing Nature of Genetic Influences |
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172 | (1) |
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Heritability Estimates Differ Across Environments and Populations |
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173 | (1) |
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Brain Plasticity Is Environmentally Influenced |
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174 | (2) |
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Humans Are Neither Blank Slates nor Fully Developed at Birth |
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175 | (1) |
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Correlation and Interaction Between Genes and Environment |
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176 | (3) |
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Gene-Environment Correlations |
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176 | (3) |
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Developmental Risk Factors |
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179 | (12) |
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Prenatal and Perinatal Factors and the Environment |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (1) |
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Perinatal and Infancy Events |
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183 | (1) |
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Exposure to Lead and Other Heavy Metals |
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184 | (3) |
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Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Hyperactivity Disorder |
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187 | (1) |
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder |
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188 | (1) |
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Activity of Nervous System: Sensation Seeking |
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188 | (2) |
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Deficits in Neuropsychological Functioning |
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190 | (1) |
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Individuals in Their Environment |
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191 | (4) |
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Participation in Peer Networks |
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191 | (1) |
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Individuals and the Family Environment |
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192 | (3) |
Chapter 11 Families and Crime |
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195 | (11) |
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196 | (3) |
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Rethinking the Parent-Crime Link |
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199 | (6) |
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What Do "Bad" Parents Look Like? |
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200 | (1) |
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Recognizing the Limits of Parents |
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201 | (2) |
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Biosocial Understanding of Parenting |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
Chapter 12 Prepubescence: Infancy and Childhood |
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206 | (28) |
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What Do We Mean by Problem Behavior in Infancy and Childhood? |
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207 | (1) |
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Prevalence and Frequency of Problem Behavior in Infancy and Early Childhood |
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208 | (5) |
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Continuity in Problem Behavior Over Time |
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213 | (21) |
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217 | (1) |
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Contemporary Understanding of Initial Differences |
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217 | (2) |
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Development Across Childhood |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (1) |
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Brain Development in Context |
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223 | (4) |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (3) |
Chapter 13 Postpubescence: Adolescence and Adulthood |
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234 | (24) |
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What Is Adolescence, and Why Include Adulthood? |
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235 | (2) |
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Sexual Maturation and Human Development |
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237 | (1) |
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Effects of Sexual Maturation |
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238 | (4) |
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Timing Within Transitional Periods |
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240 | (1) |
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Accentuation During Transitional Periods |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (10) |
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Choice and Structure of Life |
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244 | (1) |
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Brain Development, Choice, and Adolescent Functioning |
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245 | (3) |
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Adolescent Decision Making |
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248 | (4) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (4) |
Chapter 14 Policy Recommendations |
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258 | (7) |
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258 | (2) |
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Remove Environmental Toxins |
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258 | (1) |
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Share Information Across Service Providers |
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259 | (1) |
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Parenting Classes for All Serious Felons |
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259 | (1) |
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Do Away With the Current Child Welfare System |
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259 | (1) |
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Rework the Foster Care System |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Better Training and Education of Justice Professionals |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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Continued Research Into Pharmaceutical Therapies for Behavioral Disorders |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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Health Care, Including Mental Health Care, for Pregnant Women and Infants |
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260 | (1) |
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Legally Mandated Intervention for Drug-Addicted Pregnant Women |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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Intensive Social Work for High-Risk Pregnancies |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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Systematic Early Intervention |
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261 | (1) |
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Flagging at-Risk Kids in Doctors' Offices |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Universal Preschool With Full Developmental Evaluations |
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262 | (1) |
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Males and Females Are Different |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Free Mental Health and Drug Counseling |
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262 | (1) |
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Zero Tolerance Is Foolish |
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263 | (1) |
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Juvenile Justice System Should Hold Youths Accountable and Try to Rehabilitate Them |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
References |
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265 | (33) |
Index |
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298 | (12) |
About the Authors |
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310 | |